Научный форум РЫЦАРИ ТЕОРИИ ЭФИРА

Карим_Хайдаров · Написано: **11.06.2009** в 12:09:15 | #1

На сайте Science News http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/44573/title/Betelgeuse_shrinks
Опубликована статья об эксперименте по презиционному измерению диаметра Бетельгейзе.
Оказалось, что он уменьшился на 15% с 1993 года и на 30% с момента первого измерения Майкельсоном в 1921 году. Это подтверждает эфемерную природу красных гигантов, описанную мной в работах http://bourabai.kz/evolution.htm http://bourabai.kz/evolution2.htm и более ранних.
Вот мой комментарий на том сайте:

This experiment is a proof of ephemeral nature of the red giants.
Not only Betelgeuse, but today we know several red giants shrinking or expanding due to change of accretion.
Red giants and red supergiants are clouds of gas heated by gravitation energy of cosmic gas during its accretion. There is no any fussion or fission reactions on those types of stars.
See for detailed information http://bourabai.kz/evolution-e.htm
http://bourabai.kz/evolution2-e.htm

Карим_Хайдаров · Написано: **12.06.2009** в 23:22:32 | #2

копия продолжившейся дискуссии насчет Бетельгейзе там же.
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Question for any mainstream astronomer: My understanding of supernova explosions involves the production via fusion, in the star's interior, of carbon, iron, and the heavier elements, to the point where the star chokes on the garbage in its belly, ejecting it in a violent explosion. I believe that's basically what I have read, though it's admittedly a simplified picture. If, as K.K. asserts, there is no fusion involved in the life of red giants, what mechanism produces the explosion? I read Bourabai. His thesis attempts to overturn accepted science, including the General Theory of Relativity. Need reputable Robert Alderman
Jun. 11, 2009 at 8:45am
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Robert Alderman wrote:
what mechanism produces the explosion?
- There are two main types of supernovae, I and II
Type I, exactly Ia is precise "candle" of cosmology scale because its yield, the energy of explosion is constant.
This feature gives us reason for suggestion about nuclear fission reaction with constant critical mass on supernova. This suggestion corresponds to model of supercomperssed state of material within old stars.
And it is plausible hypothesis because an old star is a star of great mass accreted during a long time of its life.
I think that modern astrophysical paradigm of stellar mass melting is wrong. Except supernova explosion there is no so powerful process which can bring escape velocity for stellar material (hundreds km/s).
For detailed information about supercompressed states of material please see my paper http://bourabai.kz/quasars-e.htm
A study of 434 type Ia supernovae in http://bourabai.kz/universum.htm
Karim Khaidarov
Jun. 12, 2009 at 12:55pm

Карим_Хайдаров · Написано: **12.06.2009** в 23:22:51 | #3

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Somewhat of a foolish question as I could probably do the math myself but how far back in history are we now viewing this reduction of Betelgeuse and assuming that it has gone supernova at some predictable time? how long before we might see that result. Fred West
Jun. 11, 2009 at 12:44pm
Thank you, Fred West Fred West
Jun. 11, 2009 at 12:44pm
============
Fred West wrote:
"how far back in history are we now viewing this reduction of Betelgeuse and assuming that it has gone supernova at some predictable time? how long before we might see that result."
- Indeed, the mass of supernova is more than 100 solar mass.
Mass of red giant is comparable with solar mass (1-10Ms)
It is a reason that red giant was not supenova never in past.
Karim Khaidarov
Jun. 12, 2009 at 1:03pm

Карим_Хайдаров · Написано: **10.07.2009** в 13:35:56 | #4

На сайте science news
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/45441#comment_45465
опубликована заметка об "исследовании ранней вселенной"
Вот ее текст

Цитата:

It’s usually nice to have a companion. And in the lonely, dark expanse of the early universe, even some of the first stars had soul mates, new simulations reveal.
Previous studies had indicated that the first stars were extraordinarily massive — at least 100 times as heavy as the sun — but were also loners (SN: 6/8/2002, p. 362). Now, more detailed modeling, including a careful consideration of how atomic and molecular hydrogen interact at low densities, reveals that at least 5 percent and perhaps as many as half of these heavyweights were gravitationally bound to similar-mass companions, says Tom Abel of Stanford University He and his colleagues, Matthew Turk of Stanford and Brian O’Shea of Michigan State University in East Lansing, report their findings online July 9 in Science.
Pairs of massive stars are intriguing, notes Abel, because each star will probably collapse into a black hole. The coalescence of the two black holes would be a key source of gravitational waves, ripples in space-time predicted by Einstein’s theory of general relativity but never directly detected.
A second star’s presence could also enhance the production of distant gamma-ray bursts, flashes of high-energy light that have long-lasting afterglows and provide a window on the early universe. Gamma-ray bursts are produced when a single, massive star that crunches down into a black hole generates powerful jets of particles. A companion star can spin up its partner, and such rapid rotation may help generate the energetic jets, Abel says.
Star formation in the early universe is relatively easy to model because the infant cosmos contained only a few elements — mainly hydrogen and helium gas — which cooled and collapsed to produce stars. But even the simple interactions between atomic and molecular hydrogen hadn‘t been previously studied at low-enough densities, Abel says. He and his colleagues followed the star-forming process about 200 million years after the Big Bang, as gravity condensed gas clouds, to much higher densities than his team could in past simulations, Abel adds.
Only one in five of the team’s simulations produced stellar pairs, and for now the researchers can only provide a rough estimate of the percentage of first stars that would have had partners. He expects that within a year, larger, more comprehensive simulations will pin down the number.
The first generation of stars is not visible with today’s telescopes, but the proposed successor to Hubble, the infrared James Webb Space Telescope, scheduled for launch in 2014, has a good chance of recording large groupings of these earliest of glimmers.
“The simulations make good sense,” says theorist Volker Bromm of the University of Texas at Austin. Bromm says that his own team’s simulations track the evolution of pairs or groups of embryonic stars for an additional 100,000 years beyond that of Turk’s group — a necessity, he says, to determine if the baby stars merge into one big star or remain separate. His team indeed finds that the fledgling stars remain close partners. Bromm says his team plans to post a paper online describing the results later this month.

И вот мой ответ:
This is not a science but a science fiction only.
Tom Abel and Matthew Turk do not understand that "the early universe" is senseless notion to eternal Universe.
Computer models reflect mathematician's believes about Universe architecture only.
For true knowledge we must know physics of cosmic processes.
Those mathematicians beleive in myths of "Big Bang" (while the Universe is eternal and infinite and explosion in nothing is nonsense), "black holes" (while the light has no mass and it can't attract by celestial bodies)
Who want save his mind from this fairy tales must think and study real physics.
My help in FAQ http://bourabai.kz/catechesis.html
and true version of stellar evolution in http://bourabai.kz/evolution-e.htm

Карим_Хайдаров · Написано: **29.08.2009** в 22:09:20 | #5

На сайте http://www.astronet.ru опубликована статья о сокращении Бетельгейзе.

Цитата:

Н.Т. Ашимбаева пишет:
По новым данным звезда Бетельгейзе (красный сверхгигант в созвездии Ориона) за последние 15 лет уменьшилась в своих размерах примерно на 15%, и причины этого не до конца понятны.

- на самом деле причины совершенно прозрачны для того, кто не зашорен релятивистскими сказками.
Причина проста: Бетельгейзе выходит из плотного газо-пылевого облака, а значит уменьшается аккреция на нее. Раз так, то ее атмосфера, гигантский диаметр которой определяется интенсивной аккрецией, "оседает". Механизм разогрева от аккреции теоретически обосновал уже более ста лет назад лорд Кельвин.

Цитата:

Н.Т. Ашимбаева пишет:
Такие звезды в процессе эволюции могут взрываться как Сверхновые, или, как возможный вариант, может наступить коллапс звезды с образованием черной дыры без мощной вспышки.

- Это сказки. "Черных дыр" вообще быть не может, так как фотоны не имеют гравитационной массы.
Красные гаганты не коллапсируют. В процессе сжатия температура их атмосфер повышается и они сдвигаются в "левые" классы диаграммы Г-Р. Это изветстный факт и хорошо просматриваемый на шаровых скоплениях.

Цитата:

Н.Т. Ашимбаева пишет:
Бетельгейзе входит в десятку самых ярких звезд нашего неба, и стала первой звездой, у которой измерен диаметр (в 1921 году по оптическим данным он составлял 0?.047). И по сей день этот сверхгигант является единственной звездой, которая на снимках космического телескопа Хаббла видна как диск, а не как точечный объект.

- Именно благодаря снимкам этого телескопа видно, что КГ подобные Бетельгейзе - прозрачные облака разогретого аккрецией газа. Их плотность - миллиграммы на кубический метр. См. статью "Звездная эволюция" http://bourabai.kz/evolution.htm

Цитата:

Н.Т. Ашимбаева пишет:
Начиная с 1993 года диаметр Бетельгейзе изменился с 11.2 а.е. до величины 9.6 а.е. Т.е. звезда уменьшилась в размерах на 15 процентов. Это означает, что радиус звезды сжался от орбиты Юпитера до орбиты Венеры. При этом видимая яркость звезды уменьшилась незначительно.

- Это подтверждает аккреционную природу КГ. Уменьшение диаметра означает увеличение плотности и температуры, компенсирующие в светимости уменьшение диаметра.

Цитата:

Н.Т. Ашимбаева пишет:
Моделирования поверхности сверхгигантов приводят к выводу, что такие звезды несферичны, скорее похожи на картофелину неправильной формы.

- Катофель лишь в головах фантазеров, не понимающих, что есть газовые и гравитационные законы, запрещающие звездам иметь такие формы.

Карим_Хайдаров · Написано: **28.10.2010** в 19:34:39 | #6

На сайте Science News опубликована заметка об обнаружении нейтронной звезды вдвое массивней Солнца. Это сразу рушит многие релятивистские и кварковые "теории" (реально фантастические гипотезы) о свойствах нейтронов. Этим на практике еще раз подтверждается, что черных дыр не бывает.
Вот текст заметки с http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/64769/title/Neutron_star_breaks_mass_record
Neutron star breaks mass record
New heavyweight champion overturns exotic theories
By Marissa Cevallos
Web edition : Wednesday, October 27th, 2010
Astronomers have weighed a neutron star with nearly double the mass of the sun, the heaviest yet found. A mass that high rules out many theories that these ultradense remnants of supernova explosions contain anything other than ordinary matter, researchers report in the Oct. 28 Nature.
Some theorists have suggested that the high pressure in a neutron star’s core could break the matter there down into a soup of unbound quarks, the subatomic particles that combine to make protons and neutrons, or other exotic forms.
But that’s not a likely scenario if neutron stars as heavy as this one exist, says Coleman Miller, an astrophysicist at the University of Maryland in College Park who was not involved in the research. In most theoretical models, a quark star should collapse into a black hole before it ever reached two solar masses. Ergo, neutrons probably remain neutrons even under high pressure.
“This is a remarkable observation,” says Miller. “This is something that has been of burning interest to nuclear physicists because this is the only place in the universe to test how matter behaves at high density.” This finding could inform models of other high-density systems, like the early universe, and refine the fundamental theories of how quarks interact, he says.
Normally, inferring a neutron star’s mass is difficult. But astronomers had luck on their side with J1614-2230, a neutron star roughly 3,000 light-years from Earth. J1614-2230 is a pulsar, so it emits a beam of radio waves as it spins. It is also one in a pair of companion stars that orbit each other.
Because the other star coincidentally passes close to the pulsar beam’s path, light from the pulsar is sidetracked by the companion’s gravity, as predicted in Einstein’s theory of general relativity. By measuring the slight delay of light, called the Shapiro delay, astronomers could determine the mass of the companion star.
Then, because the astronomers knew how fast the companion orbited the pulsar, they could calculate the pulsar’s mass to be 1.97 times the mass of the sun. Previously, the heaviest known neutron star weighed in at about 1.74 solar masses.
More heavy neutron stars are likely waiting to be discovered, says Paul Demorest, an astronomer at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Charlottesville, Va., and coauthor of the Nature paper.
“It’s not that very massive ones were rare,” says Demorest. What is rare is finding a pulsar with a companion star that eclipses pulsing light.
Discovery of the high-mass neutron star doesn’t completely rule out an exotic interior — it’s possible that condensed quark matter could still survive deep inside, Demorest and collaborators write in the Nature paper. But the mass sets tight limits on the characteristics of matter within neutron stars. Theorists would have to tweak various quantities within narrow limits to permit some forms of exotic matter to exist.
“It could be allowed, but at some point Occam’s razor is going to come in,” says Miller, suggesting that a core of ordinary matter may turn out to be the simplest and most natural way to explain the star’s high mass.