, , - . 26 26 (A : Z, a : z), 9 (. , : ! " ; ? ( ) ), , 10 , 5 (+,-,*, /, ^) (, %, _, #, $, &, >, <, |, \) - 100 . , 7- ( 0 1111111, - 0 127).
7- ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), 1963 . American Standards Association (ASA), ANSI (American National Standards Institute, http://www.ansi.org/, ANSI). 32 ( 0 31), , 95 ( 33 127) , , 1.1. 1.1 ( - ):
32 . ASCII :
. 8- , 128 ( 128 255).
8- ASCII - ISO/IEC 8859, 128 , 7- , 128 255 . :
1.2 ( 128-255)
ISO 8859-5.
1.2. ISO 8859-5( 12810 25510)
7- -7 ( - 1.3), , ().
1.3. -7
< >, <> - 8- , , ( 128 255 - 1.4).
1.4. <>
MS DOS " " ( 128-255 1.5). ( ). , 14 . IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority - , Internet) IBM866 CP866.
1.5. DOS Cyrillic (CP866)
Microsoft Windows ASCII < > (code page, CP). 1.1.
1.1. (CP) Microsoft Windows
ANSI CP | Mac CP | DOS Primary CP(OEM) | DOS Secondary CP(OEM) | CPs | |
English (United States) | 1252 | 10000 | 437 | 850 | |
English (Britain, Canada .) | 1252 | 10000 | 850 | 437 | |
French (Standard) | 1252 | 10000 | 850 | 437 | |
French (Canada) | 1252 | 10000 | 850 | 863 | 437 |
German (Standard) | 1252 | 10000 | 850 | 437 | |
Russian | 1251 | 10007 | 866 | 855 |
Microsoft Windows - CP1251 -
1.6.
1.6. CP1251
Linux -8R ( 1.7), IANA KOI8-R (http://koi8.pp.ru/).
1.7. KOI8-R
-8 - KOI8-U ( 1.8), KOI8-R .
1.8. KOI8-U
Macintosh ( Apple), CP10007, CP1251. IANA, x-mac-cyrillic ( 1.9).
1.9. Macintosh Cyrillic, CP10007 (charset = x-mac-cyrillic)
1991 Unicode Consortium, (Borland, IBM, Lotus, Microsoft, Novell, Sun, WordPerfect .),
1.10. Unicode
, , Unicode - , Unicode , UTF (Unicode Transformation Format): 7- UTF-7 ( - RFC2152, 1997 ., IANA UTF-7) 8- UTF-8 (RFC2279, 1998 ., IANA UTF-8). - , Unicode, , ISO 8859-5 KOI8-R. , <>, < >- . UTF-8 . 128dec , , 7 128 7- ASCII (. 1.2), 1920 - (Greek, Cyrillic, Coptic, Armenian, Hebrew Arabic ). .
1.2. UTF-8
UTF-8 | Notes | |
(binary) | ||
(hexadecimal) | ||
000000 - 00007F | 0xxxxxxx | 0, 7 ASCII |
000080 - 0007FF | 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx | 3 110 - 2 , 10 |
000800 - 00FFFF | 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx | 4 1110 - 3 , 10 |
010000 - 10FFFF | 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx | 5 11110 - 4 , , 10 |
7-, - , , primerno takim obrazom. 1997 . Microsoft "", 128 (0x80) 136 (0x88) CP1251.
, -- :
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