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++ | |
#include <stdio.h> int i; char buff[80]; printf (" :"); scanf("%d", &i); printf (" :"); gets (buff); printf (" : %d\n : %s\n", i, buff); |
#include <iostream.h> int i; char buff[80]; cout << " :"; cin >> i >> buff; cout << " :" << i << "\n" << " :" << buff << "\n"; |
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: 12
: My string
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(((((cout<<" :")<<i)<<"\n :")<< buff)<<"\n");
cout iostream, .
cin
cerr .
,
cout<<" :"
operator<<(), ostream, . operator << (ostream &, char*) iostream.h. ++ .
operator<<(cout, " :")
operator << (ostream &, char*) , () cout ( ). " :" , , ,
cout << i
operator <<(ostream &, int). , iostream . , operatop << ().
,
operator (ostream &, char*) | cout | " :" | cout |
operator (ostream &, int) | cout | i | cout |
operator (ostream &, char*) | cout | "\n :" | cout |
operator (ostream &, char*) | cout | buff | cout |
operator (ostream &, char*) | cout | "\n" | cout |
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, ++ , , . .
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cin >> i >> buff;
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scanf() . . iostream , -. -, .
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ostream& operator << (ostream& stream, _& obj)
{
stream << ... // obj
// stream,
return stream;
}
istream& operator << (istream& stream, _& obj)
{
stream >> ... // obj
// stream,
return stream;
}
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cout << " "; out.operator << (" "); //
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class _3d
{
double x, y, z;
public:
_3d ();
_3d (double initX, double initY, double initZ);
double mod () {return sqrt (x*x + y*y +z*z);}
double projection (_3d r) {return (x*r.x + y*r.y + z*r.z) / mod();}
_3d& operator + (_3d& b);
_3d& operator = (_3d& b);
friend ostream& operator << (ostream& stream, _3d& obj);
friend istream& operator >> (istream& stream, _3d& obj);
};
ostream& operator << (ostream& stream, _3d& obj)
{
stream << "x=" << obj.x<< "y=" << obj.y << "z=" << obj.z;
return stream;
}
istream& operator << (istream& stream, _3d& obj)
{
stream >> obj.x >> obj.y >> obj.z;
return stream;
}
main()
{
_3d vecA;
cin >> vecA;
cout << "My vector: " << vecA << "\n";
}
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, . iostream ios istream ostream. 25 , . .
int good () | 1, |
int eof () | 1, " " |
int fail () | 1, - (, ) |
int bad () | 1, - |
int clear () | - |
int precision (int i) | |
int width (int i) |
, .
#include <iostream.h>
int i;
char buff[80];
do{
if (cin.fail()) cin.clear(); //
cout << " :";
cin >> i;
if (cin.fail())
{
cout << " ";
continue;
}
cin >> buff;
if (cin.fail())
{
cout << " ";
continue;
}
} while (cin.fail()&&!cin.bad());
if (!cin.bad())
{
cout << " :" << i << "\n"
<< " :" << buff << "\n";
}
. , , ( , ), , . , 80- . , cin , width() ios.
cin.width(sizeof(buff));
cin >> buff;
, -, -. - . , iomanip.h.
cin, width():
cin.width(sizeof(buff));
cin >> buff;
, setw(),
cin >> setw (sizeof (buff)) >> buff;
-: . iostream()
i/o | ||
dec | o | 10-, |
oct | o | 8- |
hex | o | 16- |
ws | i | |
ends | o | |
endl | o | |
setfill (int ch) | o | - |
setprecision(int n) | o | ( ) |
setbase (int b) | o | |
setbase (int b) | o | |
setiosflags (int f) | i/o | |
resetiosflags (int f) | i/o |
left | |
right | |
dec, oct, hex | - |
showbase | |
showpoint | |
uppercase | 16- |
showpos | "+" |
scientific | |
fixed |
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ios& manipul (ios&);
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:
ostream & right(ostream &)
{
s << resetiosflags(ios::left) << setiosflags(ios::right);
return s;
}
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,
cout << setw(20) << right<< 1234 << endl;
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iostream , : , . , , iostream,- .
- .
filebuf, ostream .
filebuf mybuff; //
// output
mybuff.open("output", ios::out);
ostream mycout(&mybuff); //
mycout <<12<<ends;
mybuff.close();
-. -,
ifstream ,
ofstream ,
fstream .
,
int i;
// , // input
ifstream mycout("input");
mycin >> i;
, fstream.h.
, strstrea.h.
, , .
char mybuff[128];
ostrstream mycout (mybuff, sizeof(mybuff));
mycout << 123 << ends;
mybuff "123".
,
int i;
char mybuff[128]= "123";
istrstream mycin (mybuff, sizeof(mybuff));
mycin >> i;
i 123.
, .
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