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iostream
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iostream. ( ++)
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++ |
#include <stdio.h>
int i;
char buff[80];
printf (" :");
scanf("%d", &i);
printf (" :");
gets (buff);
printf (" : %d\n : %s\n", i, buff);
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#include <iostream.h>
int i;
char buff[80];
cout << " :";
cin >> i >> buff;
cout << " :" << i << "\n" << " :" << buff << "\n";
|
( ), .
, , :
: 12
: My string
, printf(), , : %d, %s, printf()
. ,
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.
, iostream.
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(((((cout<<" :")<<i)<<"\n :")<< buff)<<"\n");
cout iostream, .
cin
cerr .
,
cout<<" :"
operator<<(), ostream, . operator << (ostream &, char*) iostream.h.
++
.
operator<<(cout, " :")
operator << (ostream &, char*) , () cout ( ). " :" , , ,
cout << i
operator <<(ostream &, int).
, iostream
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operatop << ().
,
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operator (ostream &, char*)
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cout
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" :"
|
cout
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|
operator (ostream &, int)
|
cout
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i
|
cout
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|
operator (ostream &, char*)
|
cout
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"\n :"
|
cout
|
|
operator (ostream &, char*)
|
cout
|
buff
|
cout
|
|
operator (ostream &, char*)
|
cout
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"\n"
|
cout
|
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cin >> i >> buff;
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scanf()
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-.
-,
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,
ostream& operator << (ostream& stream, _& obj)
{
stream << ... // obj
// stream,
return stream;
}
istream& operator << (istream& stream, _& obj)
{
stream >> ... // obj
// stream,
return stream;
}
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<< ( >>), , .
cout << " "; out.operator << (" "); //
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class _3d
{
double x, y, z;
public:
_3d ();
_3d (double initX, double initY, double initZ);
double mod () {return sqrt (x*x + y*y +z*z);}
double projection (_3d r) {return (x*r.x + y*r.y + z*r.z) / mod();}
_3d& operator + (_3d& b);
_3d& operator = (_3d& b);
friend ostream& operator << (ostream& stream, _3d& obj);
friend istream& operator >> (istream& stream, _3d& obj);
};
ostream& operator << (ostream& stream, _3d& obj)
{
stream << "x=" << obj.x<< "y=" << obj.y << "z=" << obj.z;
return stream;
}
istream& operator << (istream& stream, _3d& obj)
{
stream >> obj.x >> obj.y >> obj.z;
return stream;
}
main()
{
_3d vecA;
cin >> vecA;
cout << "My vector: " << vecA << "\n";
}
( )
, ( )
.
iostream
, . iostream ios istream ostream.
25 ,
.
.
|
|
|
|
int good ()
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1,
|
|
int eof ()
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1, " "
|
|
int fail ()
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1, - (, )
|
|
int bad ()
|
1, -
|
|
int clear ()
|
-
|
|
int precision (int i)
|
|
|
int width (int i)
|
|
, .
#include <iostream.h>
int i;
char buff[80];
do{
if (cin.fail()) cin.clear(); //
cout << " :";
cin >> i;
if (cin.fail())
{
cout << " ";
continue;
}
cin >> buff;
if (cin.fail())
{
cout << " ";
continue;
}
} while (cin.fail()&&!cin.bad());
if (!cin.bad())
{
cout << " :" << i << "\n"
<< " :" << buff << "\n";
}
.
, ,
( , ), ,
. ,
80-
. , cin , width() ios.
cin.width(sizeof(buff));
cin >> buff;
,
-,
-.
-
. ,
iomanip.h.
cin, width():
cin.width(sizeof(buff));
cin >> buff;
, setw(),
cin >> setw (sizeof (buff)) >> buff;
-:
. iostream()
|
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i/o
|
|
|
dec
|
o
|
10-,
|
|
oct
|
o
|
8-
|
|
hex
|
o
|
16-
|
|
ws
|
i
|
|
|
ends
|
o
|
|
|
endl
|
o
|
|
|
setfill (int ch)
|
o
|
-
|
|
setprecision(int n)
|
o
|
( )
|
|
setbase (int b)
|
o
|
|
|
setbase (int b)
|
o
|
|
|
setiosflags (int f)
|
i/o
|
|
|
resetiosflags (int f)
|
i/o
|
|
|
|
|
|
left
|
|
|
right
|
|
|
dec, oct, hex
|
-
|
|
showbase
|
|
|
showpoint
|
|
|
uppercase
|
16-
|
|
showpos
|
"+"
|
|
scientific
|
|
|
fixed
|
|
, .
, , . -,
,
. -,
-.
. , , ,
, :
ios& manipul (ios&);
, ios ostream, istream.
, - ,
,
.
:
ostream & right(ostream &)
{
s << resetiosflags(ios::left) << setiosflags(ios::right);
return s;
}
, . , right , , .
,
cout << setw(20) << right<< 1234 << endl;
. setw(20) 20 , right , , endl .
,
,
. ,
, iomanip.h.
iostream
,
: ,
. , ,
iostream,- .
- .
filebuf, ostream .
filebuf mybuff; //
// output
mybuff.open("output", ios::out);
ostream mycout(&mybuff); //
mycout <<12<<ends;
mybuff.close();
-. -,
ifstream ,
ofstream ,
fstream .
,
int i;
// , // input
ifstream mycout("input");
mycin >> i;
, fstream.h.
, strstrea.h.
, ,
.
char mybuff[128];
ostrstream mycout (mybuff, sizeof(mybuff));
mycout << 123 << ends;
mybuff "123".
,
int i;
char mybuff[128]= "123";
istrstream mycin (mybuff, sizeof(mybuff));
mycin >> i;
i 123.
, .
, , Object - - :
- () ();
- , . , .
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