, Java. java.lang java.util. , , , .
, Java , , int char . Java. , . Java .
Number : long, int, float double.
, ( ) :
doubleValue() double.
floatValue() float.
intValue() int.
longValue() long.
Double Float Number. , , , double float. , double float, , , String, . Double .
class DoubleDemo { public static void main(String args[]) { Double d1 = new Double(3.14159); Double d2 = new Double("314159E-5"); System.out.println(d1 + " = " + d2 + " -> " + d1.equals(d2)); } }
, equals true, , Double.
:\> java DoubleDemo 3.14159 = 3.14159 -> true
IEEE double, : NaN (Not a Number ). Double , (), double , , , Double.
islnfinite(d) true, double .
islnfinite() true, , Double, .
isNaN(d) true, double .
isNaN() true, , Double, .
Double, , .
class InfNaN { public static void main(String args[]) { Double d1 = new Double(1/0.); Double d2 = new Double(0/0.); System.out.println(d1 + ": " + d1.isInfinite() + ", " + d1.isNaN()); System.out.println(d2 + ": " + d2.isInfinite() + ", " + d2.isNaN()); } }
:
:\> java InfNaN Infinity: true, false NaN: false, true
Integer - int, short byte, a Long long. Number, Integer Long , , . ( ), . , , .
Character - char. , .
Boolean , , boolean , .
Java . . - . , . . - , .
Enumeration , . . hasMoreElements, boolean. true, , false, . nextElement Object, , , .
, Enum, Integer, EnumerateDemo, Enum, . , Enum , Integer.
import java.util.Enumeration; class Enum implements Enumeration { private int count = 0; private boolean more = true; public boolean hasMoreElements() { return more; } public Object nextElement() { count++; if (count > 4) more = false; return new Integer(count); } } class EnumerateDemo { public static void main(String args[]) { Enumeration enum = new Enum(); while (enum.hasMoreElements()) { System.out.println(enum.nextElement()); } } }
:
:\> java EnumerateDemo 1 2 3 4 5
Vector . Vector , . Vector addElement, insertElementAt. Vector , copyInto. , Vector , Contains, indexOf lastIndexOf. lmentAt, firstElement lastElement Vector.
Stack Vector, " (FIFO). , Stack push pop . peek , . empty true, . search , pop, . , -1.
, , Integer, .
import java.util.Stack; import java.util.EmptyStackException; class StackDemo { static void showpush(Stack st, int a) { st.push(new Integer(a)); System.out.println("push(" + a + ")"); System.out.println("stack: " + st); } static void showpop(Stack st) { System.out.print("pop -> "); Integer a = (Integer) st.pop(); System.out.println(a); System.out.println("stack: " + st); } public static void main(String args[]) { Stack st = new Stack(); System.out.println("stack: " + st); showpush(st, 42); showpush(st, 66); showpush(st, 99); showpop(st); showpop(st); showpop(st); try { showpop(st); } catch (EmptyStackException e) { System.out.println("empty stack"); } } }
, . , . .
C:\> java StackDemo stack: [] push(42) stack: [42] push(66) stack: [42, 66] push(99) stack: [42, 66, 99] pop -> 99 stack: [42, 66] pop -> 66 stack: [42] pop -> 42 stack: [] pop -> empty stack
Dictionary () , -. , . , put(key, value). get(key). , ( Enumeration) keys elements. size -, , isEmpty true, . remove(key).
HashTable Dictionary, . HashTable , . HashTable , ( String). HashTable .
import java.util.Dictionary; import java.util.Hashtable; class HTDemo { public static void main(String args[]) { Hashtable ht = new Hashtable(); ht.put("title", "The Java Handbook"); ht.put("author", "Patrick Naugnton"); ht.put("email", "naughton@starwave.com"); ht.put(age", new Integer(30)); show(ht); } static void show(Dictionary d) { System.out.println("Title: " + d.get("title")); System.out.println("Author: " + d.get("author")); System.out.println("Email: " + d.get("email")); System.out.println("Age: " + d.get("age")); } }
, show, Dictionary, , ht main.
:\> java HTDemo Title: The Java Handbook Author: Patrick Naughton Email: naughton@starwave.com Age: 30
Properties HashTable, , , , , . getProperty :
getrt("","__");
, , __. , Properties, . Properties Stream ( 13). , :
import java.util.Properties; class PropDemo { static Properties prop = new Properties(); public static void main(String args[]) { prop.put("Title", "put title here"); prop.put("Author", "put name here"); prop.put("isbn", "isbn not set"); Properties book = new Properties(prop); book.put("Title", "The Java Handbook"); book.put("Author", "Patrick Naughton"); System.out.println("Title: " + book.getProperty("Title")); System.out.println("Author: " + book.getProperty("Author")); System.out.println("isbn: " + book.getProperty("isbn")); System.out.println("ean: " + book.getProperty("ean", "???")); } }
prop Properties, Title, Author isbn. Properties book, Title Author. , getProperty . getProperty n. book prop, getProperty , ???:
:\> java PropDemo
Title: The Java Handbook
Author: Patrick Naughton
isbn: isbn not set
ean: ???
StrinsTokenizer
- (tokens). StringTokenizer , . StringTokenizer -. -: , , . , StringTokenizer , nextToken. hasMoreTokens true , . StringTokenizer Enumeration, , hasMoreTokens nextToken hasMoreElements nextElement, .
, = StringTokenizer. = .
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
class STDemo {
static String in = "title=The Java Handbook:" + "author=Patrick Naughton:" + "isbn=0-07-882199-1:" + "ean=9 780078 821998:" + "email=naughton@starwave. corn";
public static void main(String args[]) {
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(in, "=:");
while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String key = st.nextToken();
String val = st.nextToken();
System.out.println(key + "\t" + val);
}
} }
Runtime
Runtime Java. , , , Runtime. , SecurityException. , Runtime , exit(int code).
Java , , . totalMemory freeMemory.
!
, gc. , , gc, free-Memory, , . freeMemory , , .
Java . .
Windows , notepad . Java. - "/" Windows "\".
class ExecDemo { public static void main(String args[]) { Runtime r = Runtime. getRuntime(); Process p = null; String cmd[] = { "notepad", "/java/src/java/lang/Runtime.java" }; try { p = r.exec(cmd); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("error executing " + cmd[0]); } } }
System . System.out.println(). InputStream OutputStream.
currentTimeMillis , 1 1970 .
arraycopy . .
class ACDemo { static byte a[] = { 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74 }; static byte b[] = { 77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77 }; public static void main( String args[]) { System.out.println("a = " + new String(a, 0)); System.out.println("b = " + new String(b, 0)); System.arraycopy(a, 0, b, 0, a.length); System.out.println("a = " + new String(a, 0)); System.out.println("b = " + new String(b, 0)); System.arraycopy(a, 0, a, 1, a.length - 1); System.arraycopy(b, 1, b, 0, b.length - 1); System.out.println("a = " + new String(a, 0)); System.out.println("b = " + new String(b, 0)); } }
, , .
:\> java ACDemo = ABCDEFGHIJ b = = ABCDEFGHIJ b = ABCDEFGHIJ = AABCDEFGHI b = BCDEFGHIJJ
Java Properties ( ), System.getProperty. System.getProperties() . 4.
4
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java.version |
Java |
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java.vendor |
, |
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java.vendor.url |
URL |
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java.class.version |
Java API |
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java.class.path |
CLASSPATH |
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java.home |
, Java |
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java.compiler |
JIT |
|
os.name |
|
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os.arch |
, |
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os.version |
Web- |
|
file.separator |
(/ \) |
|
path.separator |
(: ;) |
|
line.separator |
(\n \r\n) |
|
user.name |
|
|
user.home |
|
|
user.dir |
|
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user.language |
2- |
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user.region |
2- |
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user.timezone |
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user.encoding |
|
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user.encoding.pkg |
, Unicode |
Date
Date . , , , , , , . . Date() . .
get set
Date , . get getYear, getMonth, getDate, getDay, getHours, getMi-nutes getSeconds . set setYear, setMonth, setDate, setHours, setMinutes setSeconds . Date long getTime. , 1 1970 .
Date, , long, , . Date , : before, after equals. ,
new Date(96, 2, 18).before(new Date(96, 2, 12)
true, 12- 18-.
Date . , toString Date , , Thu Feb 15 22:42:04 1996. toLocaleString , : 02/15/96 22:42:04. , , toGMTString : 16 Feb 1996 06:42:04 GMT.
Math
Math , . , , : ( 2.72) PI ( 3.14159).
double, , .
, , .
, Math , , int, long, float double:
Random . 3.2.1 . , .
Random 5 . nextInt , . , nextLong long. nextFloat nextDouble float double, 0.0..1.0. , , nextGaussian 0.0 1.0.
java.util , ( zip). , , , Java . - .
10.11.2021 - 12:37: - Personalias -> WHO IS WHO - - _. 10.11.2021 - 12:36: - Conscience -> . ? - _. 10.11.2021 - 12:36: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> ... - _. 10.11.2021 - 12:35: - Ecology -> - _. 10.11.2021 - 12:34: , - War, Politics and Science -> - _. 10.11.2021 - 12:34: , - War, Politics and Science -> . - _. 10.11.2021 - 12:34: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> , - _. 10.11.2021 - 09:18: - New Technologies -> , 5G- - _. 10.11.2021 - 09:18: - Ecology -> - _. 10.11.2021 - 09:16: - Ecology -> - _. 10.11.2021 - 09:15: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> - _. 10.11.2021 - 09:13: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> - _. |