COBOL
(COBOL, COmmon Business Oriented Language) ( 1959), , , -.
2002 - . COBOL . 50 , , , , , COBOL, Common Business-Oriented Language.
, . , , , , Datamonitor 5 . , , .
( ). ANSI- .
1959: , (COBOL) - 40 .
, Common Business-Oriented Language ( - ), . , , , .
, . , Harvard Mark I . 1950- , , , .
, . ( , ). . , , .
, , , .[4] -, , .
Dr. Dobbs Journal ( The Gartner Group, Computerworld, Ovum Micro Focus Intern
ational) . 1997 240 . 90 % , 75 % . 2 . .
Hello world
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. HELLO-WORLD.
*
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
*
DATA DIVISION.
*
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
PARA-1.
DISPLAY "Hello, world.".
*
EXIT PROGRAM.
END PROGRAM HELLO-WORLD.
COBOL
( , ), , , JAVA, JavaScript, Python Ruby . , , , , , COBOL?
Gartner 2001 ( ), 85% - COBOL, , , . Micro Focus, COBOL, , 70%
.
, , COBOL , Micro Focus , - , . , , , . Micro Focus (Arunn Ramadoss) : - , COBOL.
, , , . - , , .
, , , COBOL, , .NET HTML5, , , , , COBOL. , .
- , , .
, Java- C- : , , .
, , , COBOL. , - . , , .
- , . , , , , . .
, , COBOL, - . , , , , , , (
).
, ? - cobol.com, , . , The 21st Century COBOL Programmer (Nancy Stern), (Robert A. Stern) (James P. Ley).
COBOL
, . COBOL . .
. COBOL, , , . COBOL . , .
, . COBOL , COmmon Business-Oriented Language, 1959 , , . - ( ) notes.sochi.org.ru/1333/ (. .) en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/COBOL (eng.).
, (1 .) (1 .)
, Notepad vi, emacs, nano .. .. , ( ;-) ).
, , , , , . , .
www.opencobol.org/ - OpenCOBOL (open-source, , )
http://tiny-cobol.sourceforge.net/ - TinyCobol (open-source, 1 2011 , )
http://sourceforge.net/projects/cobolforgcc/ - Cobol for GCC (open-source, , 2009.)
http://homepages.paradise.net.nz/jsoeberg/ - COBOL 12 (freeware, 16- DOS / Windows)
http://cev.cemotel.cz/cobol/cb_en/mx_all.htm - Cevela MX COBOL (freeware, Windows)
www.microfocus.com/promotions/wwemvctd0510/default.aspx?page=form - Micro Focus Visual COBOL R2 (trial, windows)
www.thekompany.com/products/kobol/ - KOBOL (trial, linux, windows)
DOS.
OpenCOBOL, , .
, . , Hello World.
:
000100 IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
000200 PROGRAM-ID. HELLOWORLD.
000300* --- . ---
000400 ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
000500 DATA DIVISION.
000600 PROCEDURE DIVISION.
000700 BEGIN.
000800 DISPLAY Hello World!.
000900 STOP RUN.
.cob ( .cbl) , .
cobc -x <> . !
Hello World!
.
. . , 50 . :
1. .
2. , .
3. , .
COBOL 80 .
1-6: ()
7:
* ,
,
D- debug.
8 11: . DIVISION', SECTION', , ( ).
12-72: . .
73-80: . .
, .
COBOL 4 DIVISION, .
DIVISION .
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. ,
PROGRAM-ID. Helloworld.
AUTHOR. Beginner.
INSTALLATION. MyLocalCobolComputer.
DATE-WRITTEN. 19/03/2011.
DATE-COMPILED. 19/03/2011.
SECURITY. Iwillnottellanybodythiscode.
2011 .
DIVISION . .
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION. , , . .
CONFIG
URATION SECTION. SOURCE-COMPUTER. OBJECT-COMPUTER. SPECIAL-NAMES. , .
SPECIAL-NAMES. , ( ).
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION. , -, , . FILE-CONTROL. I-O-CONTROL.
DIVISION . .
DATA DIVISION. . 4 :
FILE SECTION. .
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. .
LOCAL-STORAGE SECTION. , ( ).
LINKAGE SECTION. , .
DIVISION . .
PROCEDURE DIVISION. , , , .
BEGIN. .
DISPLAY Hello World!.
STOP RUN. .
. .
. , , .
. , 2011.
2. COBOL
, , , COBOL , . , .
, .
000100 IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
000200 PROGRAM-ID. HELLOWORLD.
000300* --- . ---
000400 ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
000500 DATA DIVISION.
000600 PROCEDURE DIVISION.
000700 BEGIN.
000800 DISPLAY Hello World!.
000900 STOP RUN.
DATA DIVISION. , WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. WS-A WS-B.
:
000500 DATA DIVISION.
000510 WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
000520 01 WS-A PIC 999.
000530 01 WS-B PIC 9(3).
000540 01 WS-RESULT PIC9(6).
PROCEDURE DIVISION. :
000700 BEGIN.
000800 DISPLAY Hello I'm your new calculator!.
000900 DISPLAY Please Enter first number from 0 to 999.
001000 ACCEPT WS-A.
001100 DISPLAY Please Enter second number from 0 to 999.
001200 ACCEPT WS-B.
001300 DISPLAY ------------------------------------.
001400 DISPLAY .
001500 DISPLAY Your results are:.
001600 ADD WS-A TO WS-B GIVING WS-RESULT.
001700 DISPLAY Summ is: , WS-RESULT.
001800 SUBTRACT WS-A FROM WS-B GIVING WS-RESULT.
001900 DISPLAY Subtract is: , WS-RESULT.
002000 MULTIPLY WS-A BY WS-B GIVING WS-RESULT.
002100 DISPLAY Multiplication is: , WS-RESULT.
002200 DIVIDE WS-A BY WS-B GIVING WS-RESULT.
002300 DISPLAY Divide is: , WS-RESULT.
002400 STOP RUN.
.cob . ( ? ;-) )
, :
Hello I'm your new calculator!
Please Enter first number from 0 to 999
300
Please Enter second number from 0 to 999
100
------------------------------------
Your results are:
Summ is: 000400
Subtract is: 000200
Multiplication is: 030000
Divide is: 000003
300 100 , . , , .
DATA DIVISION.
000510 WOR
KING-STORAGE SECTION. , .
000520 01 WS-A PIC 999.
000530 01 WS-B PIC 9(3).
000540 01 WS-RESULT PIC 9(6).
, 01, (WS-A, WS-B WS-RESULT), PIC ( PICTURE IS), . , . , .
, 3- , 6- .
. 9 , , , , - 999999999999999 9(15), , .
PROCEDURE DIVISION
DISPLAY . . . ,
001700 DISPLAY Summ is: , WS-RESULT.
.
4 :
ADD WS-A TO WS-B GIVING WS-RESULT.
SUBTRACT WS-A FROM WS-B GIVING WS-RESULT.
MULTIPLY WS-A BY WS-B GIVING WS-RESULT.
DIVIDE WS-B BY WS-A GIVING
WS-RESULT.
.
<> 1 TO/FROM/BY 2 GIVING .
, , ,
ADD 10 TO 20 GIVING WS-RESULT.
10 20 (30) WS-RESULT.
, GIVING , TO, FROM, BY WS-B ( WS-A DIVIDE).
, , , :
ADD 1 2 3 TO WS-B 1+2+3, WS-B WS-B.
TO ADD 1 WS-A 2 WS-B WS-B. TO ( TO TO ) GIVING, . SUBTRAC
T.
MULTIPLY DIVIDE GIVING ( ).
DIVIDE .
DIVIDE WS-A INTO WS-B GIVING WS-C BY INTO , . , :
DIVIDE WS-A INTO WS-B WS-B / WS-A = WS-B
DIVIDE WS-B BY WS-A GIVING WS-RESULT
WS-B / WS-A = WS-RESULT
! BY GIVING. - .
?. MOVE
MOVE 10 TO WS-A
MOVE WS-A TO WS-B
MOVE 10 TO WS-A WS-B
! MOVE , .. TO.
. , 2011.
3. COBOL
DIVIDE.
DIVIDE WS-B BY WS-A GIVING
WS-RESULT REMAINDER <>.
REMAINDER .
:
, ROUNDED , , .
ADD WS-A TO WS-B GIVING WS-RESULT ROUNDED.
. PICTURE IS ( PIC) .
DATA DIVISION.
:
01 ;
WS-B ;
PIC , , , PICTURE IS.
9(3) 9 3.
.
01 49 77. , , .
01 CUSTOMER-RECORD.
05 CUSTOMER-NAME PIC X(10).
05 CUSTOMER-ADDRESS PIC X(30).
77 , , -.
88 , conditional, , .
, , .
.
, -, - .
30 .
.
COBOL.
: .
9 ;
V , ( ).
S , ( ).
X - , .. , , , . .
A .
, , , /:
Z 9' , .
$ , , , , . . ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
* Z, *.
() , , . , , .
+ () - (), +, -.
. () . .
, () . .
/ () . . , .
0 () . 0.
B ( blank, ) .
, . 18 , - 160 . .
PIC'!
, :
BLANK WHEN ZERO 0, , .
VALUE .
, .
, .
000100 IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
000200 PROGRAM-ID. VARIABLES-TEST.
000300 AUTHOR. ME.
000400 ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
000500 DATA DIVISION.
000600 WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
000700 01 HUMAN-CONTAINER.
000800 05 HUMAN-NAME PIC A(30).
000900 05 HUMAN-ADDRESS PIC X(160).
001000 77 SQUARE-METERS PIC 9(18).
001100 77 SQUARE-PRICE PIC 9(15)V9(2).
001150 77 FLAT-PRICE PIC 9(15)V9(2).
001200 77 TAX-PERCENT PIC 9(2).
001300 77 TAX-SUMM PIC 9(15)V9(2).
001350 77 NEGATIVE-VALUE PIC S9(10)V9(6).
001400* --- OOOOMG! ---
001500 77 SQUARE-METERS-OUT PIC Z(17)9.
001600 77 SQUARE-PRICE-OUT PIC Z(14)9.Z(2).
001650 77 FLAT-PRICE-OUT-1 PIC Z(3),Z(3),Z(3),Z(3).9(2).
001660 77 FLAT-PRICE-OUT-2 PIC Z(3)BZ(3)BZ(3)BZ(3).9(2).
001700 77 TAX-PERCENT-OUT PIC Z(2).
001800 77 TAX-SUMM-OUT PIC Z(14)9.9(2).
001900 77 NEGATIVE-VALUE-OUT-1 PIC +Z(10).9(6).
002000 77 NEGATIVE-VALUE-OUT-2 PIC -Z(10).*(6).
002100* --------------------------------
002200 PROCEDURE DIVISION.
002300 BEGIN.
002400 DISPLAY "Please enter Name: ".
002500 ACCEPT HUMAN-NAME.
002550 DISPLAY "Please enter Address: ".
002600 ACCEPT HUMAN-ADDRESS.
002700 DISPLAY "Please enter square meters of flat: ".
002800 ACCEPT SQUARE-METERS.
002900 DISPLAY "Please enter square meter's price: ".
003000 ACCEPT SQUARE-PRICE.
003100 DISPLAY "Please enter percent of tax: ".
003200 ACCEPT TAX-PERCENT.
003300 DISPLAY "Enter any really big NEGATIVE value: ".
003400 ACCEPT NEGATIVE-VALUE.
003500 DISPLAY "---------------------------------------".
003600 DISPLAY " ".
003700 DISPLAY HUMAN-NAME.
003800 DISPLAY HUMAN-ADDRESS.
003900 DISPLAY "SQUARE-METERS: ", SQUARE-METERS.
004000 MOVE SQUARE-METERS TO SQUARE-METERS-OUT.
004100 DISPLAY "SQUARE-METERS-OUT: ", SQUARE-METERS-OUT.
004200 DISPLAY "SQUARE-PRICE: ", SQUARE-PRICE.
004300 MOVE SQUARE-PRICE TO SQUARE-PRICE-OUT.
004400 DISPLAY "SQUARE-PRICE-OUT: ", SQUARE-PRICE-OUT.
004500 MULTIPLY SQUARE-METERS BY SQUARE-PRICE GIVING FLAT-PRICE.
004600 DISPLAY "FLAT-PRICE: ", FLAT-PRICE.
004700 MOVE FLAT-PRICE TO FLAT-PRICE-OUT-1 FLAT-PRICE-OUT-2.
004800 DISPLAY "FLAT-PRICE-OUT-1: ", FLAT-PRICE-OUT-1.
004850 DISPLAY "FLAT-PRICE-OUT-2: ", FLAT-PRICE-OUT-2.
004900 DISPLAY "TAX-PERCENT: ", TAX-PERCENT.
005000 MOVE TAX-PERCENT TO TAX-PERCENT-OUT.
005100 DISPLAY "TAX-PERCENT-OUT: ", TAX-PERCENT-OUT.
005200 DISPLAY "TAX-SUMM: ", TAX-SUMM.
005300 MOVE TAX-SUMM TO TAX-SUMM-OUT.
005400 DISPLAY "TAX-SUMM-OUT: ", TAX-SUMM-OUT.
005500 DISPLAY "NEGATIVE-VALUE: ", NEGATIVE-VALUE.
005600 MOVE NEGATIVE-VALUE TO NEGATIVE-VALUE-OUT-1 NEGATIVE-VALUE-OUT-2.
005700 DISPLAY "NEGATIVE-VALUE-OUT-1: ", NEGATIVE-VALUE-OUT-1.
005800 DISPLAY "NEGATIVE-VALUE-OUT-2: ", NEGATIVE-VALUE-OUT-2.
005900 STOP RUN.
.
Please enter Name:
Slava
Please enter Address:
Moscow 15
Please enter square meters of flat:
44
Please enter square meter's price:
1234123
Please enter percent of tax:
20
Enter any really big NEGATIVE value:
-123123213213
---------------------------------------
Slava
Moscow 15
SQUARE-METERS: 000000000000000044
SQUARE-METERS-OUT: 44
SQUARE-PRICE: 000000001234123.00
SQUARE-PRICE-OUT: 1234123.00
FLAT-PRICE: 000000054301412.00
FLAT-PRICE-OUT-1: 54,301,412.00
FLAT-PRICE-OUT-2: 54 301 412.00
TAX-PERCENT: 20
TAX-PERCENT-OUT: 20
TAX-SUMM: 000000000000000.00
TAX-SUMM-OUT: 0.00
NEGATIVE-VALUE: -3123213213.000000
NEGATIVE-VALUE-OUT-1: -3123213213.000000
NEGATIVE-VALUE-OUT-2: -3123213213.000000
.
, , .
, , , , , .
. , 2011.
4. COBOL IF
( ).
, , , IF (), COBOL.
?
IF <>
<1>
( ELSE )
END-IF.
. :
COBOL . (), , IF , END-IF.
!
:
1. :
(IS NUMERIC) , .
(IS ALPHABETIC) , .
( ) ( ) (IS ALPHABETIC-UPPER ALPHABETIC-LOWER) , .
.
,
IF WS-A IS NUMERIC
MOVE WS-A TO WS-B
ELSE
DISPLAY Error!
END-IF.
2. :
( ), ,
IS GREATER THAN IS > ,
IS NOT GREATER THAN IS NOT > ,
IS LESS THAN IS < ,
IS NOT LESS THAN IS NOT < ,
IS EQUAL TO IS =
IS NOT EQUAL TO IS NOT =
IS GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO IS >= ,
IS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO IS <= ,
, . COBOL , . ASCII, EBCDIC ( ) .
IF TEXT-INPUT IS > Orange
DISPLAY Orange
DISPLAY TEXT-INPUT
ELSE
DISPLAY TEXT-INPUT
DISPLAY Orange
END-IF.
Apple , Orange, apple, .
3. :
IS POSITIVE ;
IS NEGATIVE ;
IS ZERO ;
IS NOT POSITIVE (0 );
IS NOT NEGATIVE (0 );
IS NOT ZERO .
:
MOVE 100 TO WS-RESULT.
DISPLAY WS-RESULT IS , WS-RESULT.
IF WS-RESULT IS NOT ZERO
DISPLAY WS-RESULT IS NOT ZERO!
END-IF.
IF WS-RESULT IS ZERO
DISPLAY WS-RESULT IS ZERO!
END-IF.
IF WS-RESULT IS NOT POSITIVE
DISPLAY WS-RESULT IS NOT POSITIVE!
END-IF.
IF WS-RESULT IS NOT NEGATIVE
DISPLAY WS-RESULT IS NOT NEGATIVE!
END-IF.
IF WS-RESULT IS POSITIVE
DISPLAY WS-RESULT IS POSITIVE!
END-IF.
IF WS-RESULT IS NEGATIVE
DISPLAY WS-RESULT IS NOT ZERO!
END-IF.
:
WS-RESULT IS 000100
WS-RESULT IS NOT ZERO!
WS-RESULT IS NOT NEGATIVE!
WS-RESULT IS POSITIVE!
4. :
88. . , . CASE IF. :
DATA DIVISION.
01 NUMBER-CHECK PIC S9.
88 NC-ONE VALUE 1.
88 NC-ZERO VALUE 0.
88 NC-MINUS VALUE -1.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
ACCEPT NUMBER-CHECK.
IF NC-ONE
DISPLAY NUMBER-CHECK IS ONE
END-IF.
IF NC-MINUS
DISPLAY NUMBER-CHECK IS MINUS
END-IF.
IF NC-ZERO
DISPLAY NUMBER-CHECK IS ZERO
END-IF.
:
NC-ONE, NC-MINUS NC-ZERO NUMBER-CHECK, IF NC-ONE,
IF NUMBER-CHECK = 1.
VALUE VALUES <-> THRU <->, 88 NC-ONE VALUES 1 THRU 10, NUMBER-CHECK 1 10.
IF NOT, AND OR, , IF NOT WS-A = WS-B IF ((WS-A = WS-B) AND (WS-A = WS-RESULT)) OR (WS-RESULT = WS-B).
. , 2011.
, - - :
- - ;
- (obj) (dll).
| | 10.11.2021 - 12:37: - Personalias -> WHO IS WHO - - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:36: - Conscience -> . ? - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:36: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> ... - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:35: - Ecology -> - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:34: , - War, Politics and Science -> - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:34: , - War, Politics and Science -> . - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:34: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> , - _.
10.11.2021 - 09:18: - New Technologies -> , 5G- - _.
10.11.2021 - 09:18: - Ecology -> - _.
10.11.2021 - 09:16: - Ecology -> - _.
10.11.2021 - 09:15: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> - _.
10.11.2021 - 09:13: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> - _.
|
