u , dq, dA = udq. , i = dq/dt. dA = ui dt, , , ..
, |
(1) |
u i - .
, (1), , . , T , , , ..
. |
(2) |
u=Umsinw t Imsin(wt-φ ),
(3) |
.. . cosφ .
, I U, φ . UI. 90 . , , - . , .. φ , . - ..
P = UI cosφ = U(I cosφ) = UI = I(U cosφ) = IU . |
(4) |
, I=U/R U=IR , (4)
P = I2R = U2/R . |
(5) |
P [].
(3)
(6) |
, UIcosφ .
cosφ = 1 (φ = 0) , .. ,
(7) |
, . 1 ).
. , .
cosφ = 0 (φ = p/2) , ..
(8) |
, . 1 ) ). (8) , , . , (p > 0) , (p < 0) . , , .
1 > cosφ > 0 ( 1< |φ | < p/2)
(8) |
. 1 ), (p > 0), , . p , P . , .
rLC (. 2). u=ur+uL+uC .
ui=uri+uLi+uCi |
(9) |
u=Umsinwt Imsin(wt-φ ). ur= rImsin(wt-φ ), uL= w LImsin(wt-φ +p /2) = xLImsin(wt-φ +p /2), uC= Imsin(wt-φ -p /2)/(w C) = xCImsin(wt-φ -p /2). (9),
(10) |
(10) . . P = UIcosφ. , Q = UIsinφ . . , . , .. .
Q = UI sinφ = U(I sinφ ) = UI = I(U sinφ ) = IU . |
(11) |
, φ > 0 φ < 0 .
(10) P, Q S = UI
(12) |
S . (12) , φ , .
, , .. , (cosφ = 0). .
,
P = UI = I2R = UI = U2/R = U2G ; Q = UI = I2X = UI = U2/X = U2B ; S = UI = I2Z = U2/Z = U2Y. |
(13) |
, |
(14) |
S - , - .
( (4) (11)), (. 3 ) )). U (. 3 )). (. 3 )), I.
, , , [], , - [], - - []
P = UIcosj , .
. 4
,
W, V A - , . j .
, , , . , p(t), - (t) i(t) :
p(t) = (t) i(t).
p(t) (. 2.7).
. 2.7.
T - ( , ) T - p(t) (t) i(t):
.
p(t) ( ) ? ( - ) . 2.8.
. 2.8. : - ? = 0; -? = 60; - ? = 90.
? ( - ) -, Q (. . 2.8, ). ?, - - , - . , - ( ? = 90), (. 2.8, ) = 0, - Q - .
(t). -, ( () (. 2.9, ), , , , . 2.9, .
. 2.3.
, , w(t) (. . 2.9, ). , (t), Dti -, W, (t5:t1), (i ?Dti ) (. . 2.9, ):
.
, (t) -, W, (t1:t0),
:
.
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