r, L C (. 1 )).
. |
(1) |
i = Imsin(wt+yi). (1) :
. |
(2) |
. |
(3) |
(3) . , . .
(3) . 1 ). U . rI I , .. r . jxLI I 90. j xLI , . -jxI 90 , .. -j .
Z = r+j(xL- xC) = r+jx = Ze jj (3), , . r , x = xL- xC - . (3) ,
, |
(4) |
Z Z=U/I . .
φ , φ = arctg(X/R). , . (4) , φ , - .
,
. |
(5) |
u . 1 ) (5) -
. |
(6) |
(3)
Z=r+jxL- jxC=Zr+ZL+ZC |
(7) |
(. 1 )). , .. Z U I . -y i 1/I.
. |
(8) |
Y . , , .
, - .
(R G) (X B) , .
. |
(9) |
:
φ . .
Z=R+jX. Z R X .
R=const, X=var. Z R=const (. 2). X = 0 Z , .. φ .
X(r) , Z p /2. , Z .
X(r) - , Z .
, - < X < + - p /2 < φ < + p /2.
R=var (. 3 )) (. 3 )) X , , +p /2 < φ <0 - p /2 < φ < 0.
, , . . , . .
U I (. 4), Z Y . , , , Z - p /2 < φ < + p /2.
φ = - p /2, φ = + p /2 φ = 0. . 90 , . , . , . , 90 . , , , .
, , , . . 1.
1.
φ |
Z |
Z |
|
|
j =p /2 |
Z=jw L=jXL |
|||
0 < φ < p /2 |
Z = R+jXL |
- |
||
j =0 |
Z = R |
|||
0 >φ >-p /2 |
Z = R- jXC |
- |
||
j = - p /2 |
Z = - j/(w C) = - jXC |
. . ( ), , . φ, , .
1 - - - . . , .
, , . , -, I2R U2/R, I U - , R - . . , . , . , .
, (L C).
(9) . 5 )
(10) |
. 5 ) -
(11) |
(10) (11) , , .
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