In this paper, the presence of the aether in the Universe will be taken as a fact [1,4], and considered as a united quasi-isotropic, practically incondensable and ideally elastic medium that is the main basic matter, the carrier of the whole energy and all processes that occur in the Universe. This is based upon the working model [2-13], that presents the aether in the manner of a two component medium - corpuscular and phase and it is upon this model that we will consider the phenomenon of an energy release by an aether during a gravitation.

Inspired by idea of an atomic energy opened in experiments of Rutherford, 1919, astrophysicists have put forward a hypothesis about thermonuclear character of energy of the Sun and stars. Due to the works of H. Bethe, Critchfield and Weizsäcker [14], the theory of thermonuclear fusion in entrails of stars was designed. It was assumed, that the hypothetical proton-proton reaction is the main kind of a nuclear fusion, as a result of which there are heavy chemical elements and energy. The action time of such hypothetical fusion is enough for about 10¹⁰ years of existence of the Sun, but in laboratories till now any act of such raction was not obtained.

This hypothesis was well fit in the relativistic approach assigning not more than this term for whole life of the Universe. Besides that was one more triumph of Einstein adopted formula E=mc², indeed found out by N. A. Umov in 1873 [25, 26].

However, the creators of this hypothesis and their apologists skipped and till now skip set of the facts, contradicting to it. There are following.

The Earth, planet of an earth type and the asteroids exist already of 4.56 10⁹ years. For this time the Sun should expend up about half of hydrogen. It is confirmed, that an elemental composition of the Sun and interstellar environment are practically identical, that is for all time of the Sun “combustion” the hydrogen practically was not spent.

The flow a solar neutrino is less than it is necessary for pp-reaction and generally for thermonuclear reactions appropriate to Sun power. Neutrino flow is subject of seasonal (daily, 27-day's, annual and 11-year's) oscillations and according to latest research outgoes not from internal high-temperature parts of the Sun, but from equatorial surface layers rotated with a 27-day period [21 - 23].

The essence of any chain reaction consists in that if it begun, it up exponential to the full consumption of an explosive grows. As during a thermonuclear reaction there is an increase of density and temperature in a front wave, the reaction much more accelerates. As A. M. Liapunov showed as far back as 1882 [24], the nature of any chain reaction is those, that it has no stability at a multiplication factor 1 in essence. Only under the special conditions, controlled by a fast-response automatics, there can be a continuous nuclear reaction with an icrease factor equal to 1. On an example of Chernobyl we know, that even the reserved automatics not always manages this diabolical process.

Let's show, that an actual power source of the Sun and stars actually is the aether. For this purpose we will consider the features of its phase transition in the gravitation process.

[ Job. 38,19]

In papers of present author [3,4,5,6] the advancing by him working model of process of gravitation was shown. Its essence is, that the gravitation is a result of pressure drop near a surface of elementary particles of substance. The fall of pressure perfoms due to the first kind phase transition (condensation of amers of a phase aether into amers of corpuscular aether). This pressure drop happens because amers of a phase ether have the much greater volume, than amers of a corpuscular ether.

In itself the phase transition of an aether is ideal in the sense that all energy of motion - external kinetic energy of amers of the phase aether passes lossless into an internal energy of a corpuscular aether amers. More precisely, these losses till now did not measured or even watched.

If such losses took place for condensed mediums, it would be watched at super-low temperatures as "groundless" heating of material. Besides as the phase transition happens spherically symmetrical, “the impacts of pressure” during phase collapse of amers are compensated, does not making Brownian motion of particles.

However we will consider a process of phase transition (gravitating) for a moving particle. In a figure 1 the effect of two opposite amers of a phase ether on a particle is shown.

Fig. 1. The scheme of operation of rarefication forces at amers phase transition.
( The red arrows indicate currents of amers traffic, but the direction of its impulses is opposite)

As amers are indistinguishable from each other, with other things being equal they should transmit an identical impulse to a particle at phase transition

where F_a is a force created by phase transition, t_o – is a time interval of phase transition.

The motion of a particle creates a difference in transition times

As a result of it there is an additional impulse of a particle, directional on its motion

As the Maxwellian velocity of particles of gas is equal

where k – is Boltzmann constant, T – is a temperature of gas, m – ia a particle mass,

that the additional impulse created by two antipodal amers at phase transition will be equal

where cos – is a cosine between a current of traffic of a particle and line of operation of amers pair.

Let's mark, that in a figure the red arrows show motion of a phase aether amers toward a particle, and the impulse of phase transition has a backwards direction.

As we know the intensity of a flow of a phase aether in process of gravitation, derived by the author earlier,

it is possible to find a function of power allocated by an aether in a mass of gas M from (3)

where d – is a factor which is taking into account an angular distribution of a phase aether flow relative to particle motion.

The obtained formulas are the key for our further consideration and as a matter of fact determine the face of stellar Universe.

Let's show, what exactly this eternal and inexhaustible energy is an energy of Sun and stars. For this purpose we will consider the physical laws of radiations which are inherent to spherical "black bodies”, that the stars are.

From (6) and the Kepler’s Law of Radiation (1604) expression for power radiated by gas orb uniquely equal

It is interesting, that from expression (7), called by astrophysicists as an absolute luminosity, it is possible to eliminate the parameter of temperature, having received relation only from mass and radius of a gas sphere.

For this purpose it is enough to accept, that the most probable speed of the most light particles of a high layer, i.e. electrons, is equal to orbital speed for the given altitude (radius R), and distribution of electrons submit to Maxwell statistics (1), that is

From here we receive expression for temperature of electrons of a surface of a gas sphere

Substituting (8) in (7) we will receive expression for a luminosity

Let's mark, that knowing the mass and the temperature of a gas orb (stationary star) from expression (8) it is possible to define its radius uniquely.

The expression (9) can be made independent and from radius of a sphere, by substituting in it the relation of radius to mass of a gas sphere derivated by the author

Thus, from (9) and (10) finally we will receive a function of an absolute luminosity from mass

The expression, obtained by the author, is a theoretical derivation of a function of main stellar sequence for the Hertzsprung-Russel empirical diagram [17].

Thus, if the star represents itself a gas sphere and it is in a stationary state, its luminosity precisely corresponds to the main sequence.

The formulas (9, 11) are usable to the Jovian type planets too. Its specify and explain the emission of the greater energy by gaseous planets, than receiving from the Sun.

Obtained by Jeans in 1903 the derivation of conditions of a gravitational blow-up in its most basis rested on an wrong postulate of presence of gas pressure in the Space. As a result of that the large threshold value for the protostar sizes and necessity of such pressure was obtained at the moment of their origining. This idea was picked up with pleasure by relativists, starting counting of a life time of the Universe from mythical and alogical Big Bang.

However, if we look at this problem seriously, the most closest to true is the concept of the ingenious philosopher Immanuel Kant, 1755 [16].

Really, if we were accept, that the life of a star terminates by supernova explosion, and that, as the observations show, in galaxies, similar to ours the phenomenon of supernova arises once during a century, and that in a galaxy about 10¹¹ stars, we will receive a life time of ordinary star about 10¹³ years. During the life a star up to thousand times undergoes catastrophes such as a “new star", when it collides with another star or in its inside really there is a nuclear explosion.

Watching the Space we see, that in interstellar environment consisting of atoms of hydrogen, helium and small quantity of other elements, during billions years there is an origin and growth in the beginning smallest, and then larger particles, which collect under effect of Van der Waals and electrical forces in motes, then similarity of snowflakes, then larger cometary bodies, which being integrated, will form sun-free protoplanets - protostars, similar on a structure to Jupiter.

Expanding through acquisition of interstellar material, these at the beginning the cold planets transform in small "methan", and then brown dwarfs. Slowly, it is usually after many billions years, they become as our Sun, and then it is even more and more brightly.

However, such idyll happens not always. If on the path of motion the star meets a gas-and-dust cloud of high (on measure of Space vacuum) density, the fast growing of a star begins. Thus the energy of an aether becomes only a part of a common radiation and temperature energy of a star. The energy of dropping material is added to it. Therefore in this moment, on short on measure of Space time, during about 10⁷ years a star descended from main sequence becomes the giant or supergiant, that is determined only by intensity of influx of material. As soon as this flow runs low, the star returns to main sequence again. All this happens so fast, that is observable in historical times.

The reliable acknowledgement to Kant's concepts is found by Edwin Salpeter [19] distribution the stars of main sequences on mass, similar classical Gutenberg - Richter's distribution for earthquakes. Recent discovering with cosmic telescope the big amount of infrared "baby-stars" continues Salpeter's distribution else on order aside small masses [20]. It seems these flying hydrogen "LITTLE BOY" hyperbomb are the main reason of nova blasts in a moment of their meeting with star.

As a result of the research, conducted by the author the following is clarified:

• The radiation of the Sun and stars is a result of features of process of phase transition of the first kind of an aether in process of gravitating on moving particles of gas.
• The main stellar sequence on Hertzsprung-Russel diagram is a native condition of gas orbs which are heated up by an aether.
• Based on the laws of light emission of classical physics and on created theory of aether, the author gives an analytical derivation of the main stellar sequence line for Hertzsprung-Russel diagram.
• The thermonuclear reactions in stable stars do not play an essential energetic role.
• The evolution of stable stars goes not billions (10¹⁰), but trillions (10¹³) years.
• The evolution of stable stars goes in the return order, adopted in 20 century, - from the stars “of late classes” K, L, M to the stars “of early classes” B, O, but in full conformity with the concept of Immanuel Kant, 1755.
• All ”stellar evolution theories", existing in at present moment except Kant’s concept are false.

The author is grateful to the professor Friedwardt Winterberg (University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA) for an informative discussion on the problem, considered in this paper.

The author is grateful to Johann Kern (Stuttgart, BRD) for corrections and constructive critics of present paper.