. 2 (. 2, ) 3 .

, . . . 1, ( ) .

, , 4 (. 2,). I I, R. I . , , . . . . RA R I, , :

I = I (R+R)/R = In (105)

n = I/I = (RA + R)/R . 10. , I, n , I,

R = RA/(n-1) (106)

( 50 ), . , . ( ) , , ( ). 45, 75, 100 150 . , . , . , . (0,02; 0,05; 0,1; 0,2; 0,5). .

, (, , .). - .

. 2.     (, )   (, )

. 2. (, ) (, )

. U, - , 2 (. 2, ) , . . 1 3.

, . .

4 (R) (. 2,). Uv U, Rv.

, Uv, , , :

U = (Rv+R)/Rv * Uv = nUv (107)

n = U/Uv=(Rv+R)/Rv , U Uv, , . . .

, U, Uv, R=(n 1) Rv.

. , , , . , .

. . , ( ). U1 U2 (. 3, ) . U1/U2 = (R1+R2)/R2 = 1 + R1/R2. 10, 100, 500 . . ,

. 3.

. 3.

(. 3,). , Rv (, , ), , , .

. , . . , , . . , .

. 1 (. 4, ) , . , : , , 2.

( . 4, ).

, , , , , U1 U2 w1 w2 , . .

U1/U2 = w1/w2 = n (108)

, w1 w2 , , .

U1 U2 n.

, , , .

.

3 (. 4,) , .

. 4.        ()   ()

. 4. () ()

; , 4.

. 4, .

, , , , , I1 I2, , w1 w2 , ..

I1/I2 = w1/w2 = n (109)

, w1 w2 , I1, I2. I1 I2 n.

, , , I1 .

.

. . . (. 5). 3 2 4, , 1, .

. , , , , , . . . , . . , , .

: ( U1/U2 I1/I2 180). . -

. 5.

. 5.

, (, , .). . (0,2; 0,5; 1 . .) .


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