.
, , , , .
, , - .
.
U , Imax , . .
, , , .
() , . 2.
. , -
.U-I. , I = - Ug = -U/r U = -Ir , r - U , g = 1/r - . I = - Ug
I = -Ug + I = I - Ug = J - Ug |
(1) |
U = -Ir .
U = -Ir + U = U - Ir = E - Ir |
(2) |
(1) (2)
I U , J E , .. . (1) (2) . 3 ) ).
(1) (2) . 3 , , . 2. .
r g .
(1) (2) ,
I J Ug, g. , U Ir r. , r, .r 0 , , g = 1/r , J = E/r . , . g 0.
, , , , ) . 3 . 3 ) . , ( ) .
) ) :
E = Jg ; r = 1/g ; J = E/r ; g = 1/r
, .. ( , ).
1 2 2. . 3 :
) |
(3) |
) . |
(4) |
(3) (4) , , / . :
(3) (4) ,
I =0, U =0, 1:1.
|
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U , U, I |
I , U, I |
U , I |
|
. 3 ) |
J = U I/(U -U) g = I/(U -U) |
J = I g = (I -I)/ U |
J = I g = I/ U |
. 3 ) |
E = U r = (U -U)/ I |
E = IU/(I -I) g = (I -I)/ U |
E = U r = U / I |
. , ,
U, , U/2. I , , I/2. r R.. 4.
R , .. U = E =2U . , U = E - Ir.r = (E - U)/I = (2U - U)/I = U /I = R .
, ..
I = J =2I I = J - Ug .g = (J - I)/U = (2I - I)/U = I /U = G
, , .
, . . .
, . 5, ,
A B. , IB=I- IA=D I UA=U- UB=D U , .. A B, B A.,
U I -
D I = d I I ; D U = d U U . |
(5) |
A B
UA = d U U ; IA = I - d I I = I(1 - d I) ; UB = U - d U U = U(1 - d U); IB = d I I . |
(6) |
,
r - . (5)
,
d
U = d I = d (6)
(7) |
|
. |
(8) |
(7) m - , d - . (8) l - , d - .
, d ,
(l = 1/m ). m , - l .d (l) d (m) (. 6) , R > 20r 5%. , 20R < r .
2.
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|
||
E = const r = 0 g= |
J = const r = g = 0 |
E = U = J/g J = I = E/r r = -ctga = E/J = 1/g g = -tga = J/E = 1/r |
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