()

, , , , , , , .

, , , , , .

, . , , , , , .

R, , R :

R = n2 * R,

  , h = 0.8 0.98; n2R= = h * R;

, R R, . 

1. .

2 - 3 .

. 1.9.1, . , I, U = 0

= U0 + I0 * R + I0 * r1 (1.1 - 1.25) * U0.

, , ,        (. 1.9.1, ). U = Um * sinwt i = I0 + Im * sinwt    i = I0 + Im * sinwt      u = U0 + Um * sin(wt - p), 180 .

i=Im*sinwt,

  = 0,5 * Im * Um = 0,5 * Im2 *R - = 0,5 * Im2 * R.

h = ( / 0) * 100% < 45%, 0 = I0 * .

        

= / .

 

  1.9.1. :

- ; - / ; -

 

P = P * h

= / h

 

2. .

, , , , , . , , . .

,   , , . , .

, , , .

1 . , .

, , , , , , , , .

 . 1.9.2. , 1 (); , (); (); 1 ()

  , . , .

. 1.9.2, , . R1 R2 , U0 = 0, (. 1.9.2, , ). 1 . 1.9.2, .

, . , , ,

= / 2 = Im Um / 4

h :

× h = / 2 = Im Um / (2 × 2) = I2m R / 4,

R = n2 R , n = W1 / 2W2 ;

W1 / 2 - ;

R - ; 1

0.6 * Um (1.1 - 1.25)U 0.

3 .   h = * 100%  /  0  45 - 60%. 

3. , , .

. 1.9.3. , R R. . I = = I + I I, R R.

R1 R2, R5 R6 , , , 1 .

R3 = R4; 2 = 3 = - . R, , , , , 1+ gu ,

 u (ooc) = u / (1+ gi ) , g = Uoc / U ;

 u :

u  = bR / R - ; R - = R || r - ( . .),

R = R1 || R2.

, .

 

 

1.9.3. ,

 

, U = Um * sinwt, , 180 , , . 

4. .

, . 1.9.4.

, -n-, - n-p-n.     1 = 2 30 - 50, I0 1 = I02.

.

, , Df = f f .

1 ( 45   70%) , 1,5 - 2 f . , , , , . , 201 3 5 , 601   602 50 100 , 212 20   50 .

h = × 100% / 0 ,

0 = * I ,   .

, £ U , , I .

, = I,

U = 0,5 * Im * Um = 0,5 P , 2 * .

, , , . 33, , . . U = Um *sinwt, n--n, I1 R , -n- 2, I2, . , i = I * sinwt.

(. 1.9.4, ) . , 1, R1, R2, R, , , + U1 U2.

.

1, U = Um * sinwt V1 V2 , , 2, , .

(. 1.9.4, ) , , V1 . , V2 V3, R3 Io1 V1. I1 R2.

(. 1.9.4, ) , , V1 V2 . , R1, R2 || , R, .

R4 R5 V3 V4 V1 V2.

 

. 1.9.4. :

, - ;

- 1 ;

- , ;

- ;

- , 

, . 


, , , . . :
1. ( - "") 300 ./, . - (, ~200 / ~3 . / , (. " "), (. " -")
2. "" , , . "" - . - .
3. (), . ( ). , , , , .
4. () - . , , " ", . 1919 , . FAQ .




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