-

, ,
:
: Sociology of Modern Cosmology, Martin Lopez-Corredoira
Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
http://arxiv.org/pdf/0812.0537v2.pdf.       PDF

. , . , , , . , , . . , , , , , .

1.

, , , ( ), , , , , (, , ..). , . 80 , , , . , , : [, (MOND), Sanders & McGaugh 2002]; (Gabrielli et al. 2005), (Layser 1990); , .. , : (Hoyle et al. 2000) , /, , , ; (Lerner 1991) , .

, , , , , : (Segal 1976), (Crawford 2006), (Andrews 1999), (Hawkins 1993) .

, . , , (. Lopez-Corredoira 2003). ( ); , , . . , , . , , : ; (Lopez-Corredoira 2007, 5), , , , ..; ; ( .); , ; , ; ..

, , , . , . , , ( ) . , ad hoc ( (wiskers), ), . , .

, , , . Ÿ (Hoyle et al. 2000) , : , , . ad hoc (, , ) , , ad hoc , , . ?

, , , , (Disney 2007): 50- 3- 4- , ( , ). , , 1 ., ( , , ) , . 20 ( , , ). , . , , .

. , ad hoc , . , ad hoc . ?

2. . / ,

, , , , . , . . , , . , , , .

2.1.

, , :

: . , . , , , . , / , . , , .

: . , , , , (, II). , . . , , , - . , , - . : , ( ); , , , , ( ) [ Burbidge 2006].

, , , . , (Gerard de Vaucouleurs, 191895), , , . () , , , , (de Vaucouleurs 1970). , , , , . , , , , :

, , , B. B, A, , . , , . B ; , ( , ..).

B , , . , , - , . , - ; ( , B). , -, -, ! , , , , . . , - , . , A, , , . , , A ( ), . , , .

, , , , , , (Lopez-Corredoira 2008).

(Halton Arp 1927), , (Lopez-Corredoira 2008, 2.8), : , , . . (Arp & Block 1991)

2.2.

, : , , . (Narlikar & Padmanabhan 2001). , . (Jayant V. Narlikar, 1938), , , . , . , (Geoffrey R. Burbidge, 1925), :

. , , , , , , , . . , , . , , , . , . , , , , . (G. R. Burbidge 1997).

, (Merton 1968), . : , , , (ad hoc), . ( ); , . , .

2.3

.

: , , , , , . , . , , , , . .

: , 2, , , , , . , , (. Lopez-Corredoira 2008). ( 3), .

. , . , , ; , , .

3.

, ? . , , . , , . . (Pecker 1997)

- (Jean-Claude Pecker 1923), . , , , , ( ) . / , ?

, , -, , , . , , . , (1908-68) : , . , , . . (Edwin P. Hubble, 1889-1953) . (Willem de Sitter, 1872-1934) : ,

, (de Sitter 1931). , (all cautions are too few). , ( , ), . , .

(Rutherford, 18711937) : . (Mike Disney, 1937) : , , . (Disney 2000). . , .. , , , . , , . , , , . , . , , , ? , 19- , :

30 , , , .

, .

. (Terry J. Mahoney, IAC, Tenerife, Spain) .

  1. Andrews, T. B. 1999, in The Hy Redshift Universe (ASP Conf. Ser. 193), eds. A. J. Bunker, W. J. M. van Breugel,
  2. ASP, S. Francisco, p. 407
  3. Arp, H., & Block, D. L. 1991, Sky & Telescope, 81, 373
  4. Burbidge, G. R. 1997, in The Universe at large. Key issues in astronomy and cosmology, eds. G. Munch, A. Mampaso, F. Sanchez, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, p. 64
  5. Burbidge, G. R. 2006, in Current issues in Cosmology, eds. J. C. Pecker, J. V. Narlikar,
  6. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, p. 3
  7. Crawford, D. 2006, Curvature Cosmology, Brown Walker Press, Boca Raton (Florida)
  8. de Sitter, W. 1931, Nature, 127, 708
  9. de Vaucouleurs, G. 1970, Science, 167, 1203
  10. Disney, M. J. 2000, Gen. Relat. Grav., 32, 1125
  11. Disney, M. J. 2007, American Scientist, 95(5), 383
  12. Gabrielli, A., Sylos Labini, F., Joyce, M., & Pietronero, L. 2005, Statistical Physics for Cosmic Structures, Springer Verlag, Berlin
  13. Hawkins G. S. 1993, in Encyclopedia of Cosmology, ed. N. S. Hetherington, Garland Publishing Inc., New York, p. 196
  14. Hoyle, F., Burbidge, G. R., & Narlikar, J. V. 2000, A different approach to Cosmology, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
  15. Layzer, D. 1990, Cosmogenesis, Oxford University Press, Oxford
  16. Lerner, E. J. 1991, The Big Bang never happened: a startling refutation of the dominant theory of the origin of the universe, Random House, Toronto
  17. Lopez-Corredoira, M., 2003, in Recent Research Developments in Astronomy and Astrophysics I, ed. S. G. Pandalai, Research Signpost, Kerala, p. 561 [arXiv.org:astro-ph/0310214]
  18. Lopez-Corredoira, M., 2007, J. Astrophys. Astr., 28, 101
  19. Lopez-Corredoira, M. 2008, in Against the Tide. A Critical Review by Scientists of How Physics and Astronomy Get Done4, eds. M. Lopez-Corredoira, C. Castro Perelman, Universal Publ., Boca Raton (Florida), p. 145 [arXiv.org: astro-ph/0310368]
  20. McGaugh, S. S. 2004, Astrophys. J., 611, 26
  21. Merton, R. K. 1968, Science, 159(3810), 56
  22. Narlikar, J. V., & Padmanabhan, T. 2001, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 39, 211
  23. Narlikar, J. V., Vishwakarma, R. G., Hajian, A., Souradeep, T., Burbidge, G., & Hoyle, F. 2003, Astrophys. J., 585, 1
  24. Pecker, J. C. 1997, J. Astrophys. Astr., 18, 481
  25. Sanders, R. H., & McGaugh, S. 2002, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 40, 263
  26. Segal, I. E. 1976, Mathematical Cosmology and Extragalactic Astronomy, Academic Press, New York Book

1 , - , , 10- ( : , , ). [ , 2-, 3- ( 3- )], . ( 20-; ; ), . , WMAP : Narlikar et al. (2003), McGaugh (2004). , ( ) , , WMAP, .

2 " ", (Joel Primack) : " ! !", . " ", : , . , -, . , , , Ҹ + Ҹ "" ; , , (Nancy E. Abrams), , , , , , , . "" , , , ( , , , , , . ). , . , - , .

3 Hoyle et al. (2000), , , , , , : " , ( ). ".

4 arXiv.org; : http://www.archivefreedom.org/tide.htm

     

, " " - , . , , .
, , . , " " " ", , . FAQ .




 10.11.2021 - 12:37: - Personalias -> WHO IS WHO - - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:36: - Conscience -> . ? - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:36: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> ... - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:35: - Ecology -> - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:34: , - War, Politics and Science -> - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:34: , - War, Politics and Science -> . - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:34: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> , - _.
10.11.2021 - 09:18: - New Technologies -> , 5G- - _.
10.11.2021 - 09:18: - Ecology -> - _.
10.11.2021 - 09:16: - Ecology -> - _.
10.11.2021 - 09:15: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> - _.
10.11.2021 - 09:13: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> - _.
Bourabai Research -  XXI Bourabai Research Institution