. - 3GL   - 4GL

? ?
? .

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.

3.5.1.

. , , . , , " ".

3.5.1.1. " "

"-" (code and fix) . , - .

, , .

, , . . , .

.

3.5.2.

, . .

3.5.2.1.

(pure waterfall) "" . , . 1970 1985 . "" , , (. . 3.1). .

, . , . .

3.5.2.2. -

- . - , (. 3.6). - . , . .

3.5.2.3. -

- , (. 3.7). , . , , .

3.5.2.4.

. . (waterfall with overlapping) , . (. 3.8). , .

3.5.2.5.

(waterfall with subprocesses) . , , (. 3.9). . , .

3.5.2.6.

(spiral model) (Barry ) 80- XX . , . - , . , " ", " " "" (. 3.10). " ", , , . .

- . .

3.5.3.

.

3.5.3.1.

(rational unified process) [, 1999] [, , 2000] . , . 3.4.1.

(, ), (. 3.11).

:

3.5.4.

[ 1997], "" .

3.5.4.1.

. , , . (http://case.ispras.ru/PublicScripts/cgi-bin/lib.cgi/code_generation/autoreferat.html).

, SDL, ASN.1, LOTOS, Estelle, UML.

3.5.4.2. ()

, (. 3.12).

, . [ 1990] .

, , . , .

3.5.4.3.

, , .

- [, , , 2001]. () (design pattern) - , . , , , . .

:

(framework) - , . , , . , , .

3.5.5.

.

3.5.5.1.

(cleanroom process model) 80- XX . (. 3.13) [Linger 1994]:

, "":


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:

, . s R. SH :

(S, SH) -> (R)

, . :

1, 3141, - 1. .

, ( ) . :

(S, OS) -> (R, NS)

OS - , a NS - . , , .

, , . , - , .

(S, OS) -> (R, NS) by procedure

. [Linger 1994] . 3.14.

, , . . .

, . . , , .

3.5.5.2.

, , [ 1997]. , , .

- [Abrial 1996]. "METEOR".

3.5.6.

. :

3.5.6.1.

(evolutionary prototyping) . . , . , , , (. 3.15).

, , .

. , .

3.5.6.2.

(iterative delivery) . , . , (. 3.16).

, .

. . , .

3.5.6.3.

(staged delivery) - . , - . - . . , , .

, .

3.5.7.

, . , . , . , (http://www.martinfowler.com).

3.5.7.1.

(extreme programming) (http://www.extremeprogramming.org). , , . , , . [ 2000]. , .

, . - . , . , .

, . . (. 3.17).

. .

.

(. 3.18) - . , .

(. 3.19) , . . , (15-) .

, (. 3.20). .

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3.5.7.2.

(Adaptive Software Development - ASD) - , . (Jim Highsmith) .

( ) . , . .

. . , .

. , . .

3.5.8.

(http://www.osp.ru/pcworld/2001/01/062.htm):

, , .

3.5.8.1.

(Ken Thompson). , , , . .

, . , , . .

:

.

    . - 3GL   - 4GL

, , Collaboration diagrams - - , , . , , -. , .




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