. , . , . , . .
, . , . . , , , , . , () .
. S - IS, P Q - () . {P}S{Q} , P , Q - S. , ( , ) S {P}S{Q}, , S P, S Q.
:
(9.1) {n=0} n:= n+1{n=1}, (9.2) {n<m} n:= n + k {n<m+k}, (9.3) {n<m+k} n:=3* n {n<3* (m + k)}, (9.4) {n>0} p:=1; m:=1; m <> n m:=m+1; p:= p* m {p= n!}.
S ( ) (), ( , . 8). .
9.1. P - . {P}{P}.
: ( ), .
9.2. IS X RIS:
IS = (X, RIS).
{Q(F(X, RIS), RIS)} X:= F(X, RIS) {Q(X, RIS)} ,
F(X, RIS) - , Q - .
. (X0, RIS0) - IS, Q(F(X0, RIS0), RIS0) . Q(X, RIS), X F(X0, RIS0), RIS , , ,
Q(X, RIS)=Q(F(X0, RIS0), RIS0).
.
9.1.
: , .
9.3. P, Q R - , S1 S2 - ,
{P}S{Q} {Q}S2{R}.
S1; S2
{P} S1; S2 {R} .
. S1 P. S1 Q. S1 S2, Q S2. , S2 R, S2 ( ), R , .
, (9.2) (9.3),
{n<m} n:= n + k; n:= 3* n {n<3* (m + k)}.
9.4. P, Q R - , S1 S2 - ,
{P,Q} S1{R} { P,Q} S2 {R}.
P S1 S2
{Q} P S1 S2 {R} .
. Q. P, S1. S1 ( - ) R. P ( Q, -, ), S2. S2 ( - ) R. .
9.5. P, Q, P1 Q1 - ,
P1 P Q Q1,
S {P}S{Q}. {P1}S{Q1} .
.
. S P1. P ( P1 P). , S Q, Q1 ( Q Q1). .
9.6. I, P, Q R - ,
P I (I, Q) R ,
S - , {I}S{I}.
Q S
{P} Q S {R} .
I .
.
{I} Q S {I, Q}
( 9.5 ). I. Q , ( ) 9.1 (I, Q). Q ,
S; Q S
S I, : I , () ( Q ). , , , , (I, Q). , , . .
, (9.4)
{n>0, p=1, m=1} m <> n
m:=m+1; p:= p* m
{p= n!}.
9.6, p= m!
(n>0, p=1, m=1) p= m! (p= m!, m= n) p= n!
, , , , .. . . .
9.7. F - , :
Q S
.
. IS - F(IS)= k. Q(IS) , . Q(IS) , k>0. S . S F , S Q ( ), F ( ). F S k . .
,
9.7 f(n, m)= n- m. m=1, (n- 1) , .. .
, . , - , . .
(9.4). .
( 1). n>0 (n>0, p - , m - ).
( 2).
{n>0, p - , m - } p:=1 {n>0, p=1, m - }.
- - 9.2.
( 3).
{n>0, p=1, m - } m:=1 {n>0, p=1, m=1}.
- - 9.2.
( 4).
{n>0, p - , m - } p:=1; m:=1 {n>0, p=1, m=1}.
- - 9.3 2 3.
, p= m! , .. {p=m!} m:=m+1; p:=p* m {p=m!}.
( 5). {p= m!} m:= m+1 {p= (m- 1)!}.
- - 9.2, {p= ((m+1)- 1)!}.
( 6). {p= (m- 1)!} p:= p* m {p= m!}.
- - 9.2, {p* m= m!}.
( 7).
{p= m!} m:= m+1; p:= p* m {p= m!}.
- - 9.3 5 6.
( 8).
{n>0, p=1, m=1} m <> n
m:= m+1; p:= p* m
{p= n!}.
- - 9.6 7 , (n>0, p=1, m= 1)
( 9).
{n>0, p - , m - } p:=1; m:=1;
m <> n
m:= m+1; p:= p* m
{p= n!}.
- - 9.3 3 8.
( 10). (9.4) 9.5 1 9.
9.1. ?
9.2. ?
9.3.
const n= < >;
var k, m: integer;
x: array[1..n] of integer;
:
{n>0}
m:= x[1]
k:=1;
k<n
k:= k+1;
x[k]<m
m:= x[k]
;
{n>0 & m<= x[i] i, 1<=i<= n}
9.1. .. . . - .: , 1982. . 85-94.
9.2. . , . , . . . - .: , 1982. . 98-105.
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