3GL
MS-DOS BIOS (Basic Input/Output System /)
, , , . .
, ,
INT :
INT ,
, , ,
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, ,
. 10.1. ,
.
10.1.
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SI |
( DS)
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DI |
( DS)
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DS |
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ES |
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, , DX 8-
, ( 8
), AL ( 8 ), , BL, CH, CL, DH, DL.
,
.
-,
,
.
, ,
.
: int86(n,&in_regs,&out_regs)
;
intdos(&in_regs,&out_regs);
// n=021
: Intr(n,regs);
MSDOS(regs);
{ n=$21}
interrupt .
Intel 8086, 80186, 80286, 80386, 80486.
, "" BIOS,
-.
33 (Ox2i=$2i)
MS-DOS. 85 .
dos. h :
Struct WORDREGS
{unsigned int
ax,t>x, cx,dx, si,di,cflags, flags;} ;
struct BYTEREGS
{unsigned char al,ah,bl,bh,cl,ch,dl,dh;};
union REGS {struct
WORDREGS x; struct BYTEREGS h;};
REGS
in_regs out_regs,
intse intdos. , ,
reg (union REGS reg;), c reg.x.
ax, reg.x.bx, reg.h.al, reg.h. ah.
, , AL, .
in_regs out_regs,
,
, .
.
Turbo Pascal ,
. intr MSDOS
Registers, DOS
:
type
Registers=record
case integer of
0: (AX,BX,CX,DX,BP,SI,DI,DS,ES,flags:word);
1: (AL,AH,BL,BH,CL,CH,DL,DH:byte)
; end;
reg (reg:Registers;),
reg., RG., reg.AL, reg., ,
, , AL,
.
gotoxy,
.
() movetoxy .
10_1.
#include <dos.h>
void movetoxy(int
x, int y, int page)
{
union REGS r;
r.h.ah=2; //
.h.bh=page;
// , 0 7
r.h.dl=x; //
, 1 80
r.h.dh=y; //
, 1 25
int86(0xl0,&r,&r);
// BIOS 16
}
10_1.pas
program cursor;
uses Dos;
procedure movetoxy(x,y,page:byte);
var
Registers r;
begin
r.AH:=2;
r.BH:=page;
r.DL:=x;
r.DH:=y;
Intr ($10, r)
;
end;
, ,
, 02 ($2A) 0x33
($33). , ,
:
AL
(0 , 1 , ..., 6 ); DL ;
; .
10_2.
/*0
, 33:42*/
#include <dos.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void DatePrint(void);
void main()
(
DatePrint();
getch();
}
/ *----------------------------------*
/
void DatePrint(void)
{
char *WeekDays[7]={"","",
"","","","",""};
union REGS r;
r.h.ah=0x2A;
/*
*/
intdos(&r,&r);
/*DL-, DH-,
-, AL- */
printf("\n
%d/%d/%d - %s",r.h.dl,r.h.dh,r.x.ex,
WeekDays[r.h.al]);
}
10_2.pas
program intl;
uses Dos;
procedure DatePrint;
const
WeekDays:array
[0..6] of string=('','1,
'','','','');
var
r:Registers;
begin
with r do begin
AH:=$2A; {
}
MSDOS(r); {DL-,
DH-, -, AL- }
write('
',DL,':',DH:2,':',,' - ');
writeln(WeekDays[AL]);
end;
end;
begin
DatePrint;
readln;
end.
,
QBasic ,
.
, DATA,
CALL ABSOLUTE. [7]
38 . , (32 ),
,
, , .
,
.
,
( ).
.
.
,
(
RegAX, RegBx, RegCx, RegDx, ,
). ( mov)
. ( push,
pusha)
. ( pop, )
. ret
.
.
(intoos) ,
(far - ).
, .
,
.
:
DATA &60,&1,&,&H1F,&1,&18,SH00,&HCD,&,&89
DATA &1,&1,&00,&89,&0,&1,SH00,&H89,&H16,&H1E
DATA &H00,&H1F,&H61,&HCB
32 -intProgd 16) AS" INTEGER.
24
RegAX, RegBX,
RegCX RegDX:
DIM IntProgd
T0 16) AS INTEGER
'
DEF SEG=VARSEG(IntProg(1))
'
Int33&=VARPTR(IntProgd) )
'
F0R J%=0 T0 23
READ K% : P0KE
Int33&+J%,K% NEXT J%
, () .
intProg,
.
, [7], -
.
. ,
- .
- int mov RegAX,ax,
(
RegDX). RegAX, RegBX,
RegCX RegDX .
, . . .
NOP ( 90h):
,
td.exe (Turbo Debugger
). Borland-.
,
.
INT 33h INT 21h :
IntProg(5)=SH21CD
- ,
INT , . .
, , &H21CD
.
,
mov.
, ,
intProg, RegAX.
, . . intProg(1),
&1=28 intProg(15).
"" ,
, DX
IntProg(15),
IntProg(16), IntProg(17)
IntProg(18).
intProg, .
,
.
10_2.bas
DATA &60,&1,SH0E,&H1F,&1,&1,&00,
&90, &HCD, &
DATA &HA3,&H1C,&H00,&H89,&H1E,&H1E,SH00,SH89,&H0E,&H20
DATA &H00,&H89,&16,&H22,&H00,&H1F,&H61,&HCB
DIM IntProg(1
T0 18) AS INTEGER
'
DEF SEG=VARSEG(IntProg(1))
'
Int33& =
VARPTR{IntProg(1))
'
F0R J%=0 T0
27
READ K%: P0KE
Int33&+J%,% NEXT J%
IntProg(5)=&H21CD
IntProg(15)=&H2A00 CALL ABS0LUTE(Int33&)
F0R K=15 T0
18
PRINT IntProg(K)
NEXT WeekDay=IntProg(15) M0D 256: ' = AL
Day=IntProg(18)
MOD 256: ' = DL
Month=IntProg(18)
256: ' = DH
Year=IntProg(17):
' = CX
PRINT USING
" - ##/##/#### - #";Day;Month;Year;WeekDay
DEF SEG
END
, QBasic ,
.
, MS-DOS
Windows. ,
, ,
.
.
0x33 ($33) 30 ,
. [16].
.
,
. .
. "Turbo Pascal 7.0. . "
[13].
0 "" .
, .
, ,
MS-DOS - Windows 95/98, .
, , ,
, (=0). ,
.
.
, ,
.
1 .
2,
.
3,
(=CX, =DX) (BX=1
, BX=2 , BX=4 ).
, .
(row) (col):
x=8*(col-l)
y=8*(row-l)
, .
"" 5- ,
( ).
. 60 1
, .
,
.
0 632, 0 192.
10_3.bas
'
[7], ' )
DATA &60,SH1E,SH0E,SH1F,&1,&18,SH00,&HCD,
&H33,&H89
DATA &H1E,&H1A,&H00,&H89,SH0E,&H1C,&H00,&H89,&H16,&H1E
DATA &H00,&H1F,&H61,&HCB
DIM IntProgd
T0 16) AS INTEGER
'
DEF
SEG=VARSEG(IntProg(1)}
'
Int33&=VARPTR(IntProg(1))
'
F0R j%=0 T0 23
READ K%: P0KE
IntDos&+j%, % NEXT j%
'
CLS
C0L0R 7,1
F0R I=1 11
F0R j%=0 T0
79
PRINT USING
"#";j% M0D 10;
NEXT j%
PRINT : PRINT
NEXT I COLOR 7,0
IntProg(13)=0:
'
CALL ABSOLUTE(Int33&)
LOCATE 2,1
IF IntProg(13)=-1
THEN
PRINT "
MS-DOS ";
PRINT "
= ";
IntProg(14);
SLEEP 5
IntProg(13)=1:
'
CALL ABSOLUTE(Int33&)
IntProg(13)=3:
'
15:=
16:DX=y
14:=
:
' 1 -
,- 2 - , 4 -
FOR j%=l TO 60
CALL ABSOLUTE(Int33&)
LOCATE 4,1
PRINT USING
"x=### y=### #";IntProg(15);IntProg(16);
IntProg(14)
SLEEP 1 NEXT
j%
LOCATE 6,1:
PRINT " . '"
SLEEP DEE SEG
END
10_3.
/*
*/
#include <dos.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
(
int i,j;
union REGS r;
clrscr () ;
/*
*/
cextcolor (7);
textbackground (1) ;
for(1=1; i<12;
i++) {
for(j=0; j<80;
j++) cprintf("%d", j%10) ;
printf{"\n");
}
r.x.ax=0;
/*
*/
int86(0x33,&r,&r);
textbackground(0);
gotoxy(1,2);
if(r.x.ax==0xFFFF)
cprintf(" MS-DOS ");
cprintf("
= %d",r.x.bx);
r.x.ax=l; sleep(5);
/*
*/
int86(0x33,&r,&r);
r.x.ax=3;
/*
*/
for(j=0; j<60;
j++) {
int86(0x33,&r,Sr);
gotoxy(1,4);
clreol();
cprintf("x=%d
y=%d %d",r.x.ex,r.x.dx,r.x.bx);
sleep(1); }
gotoxy(1,6);
cprintf("
. ' ");
getch (); }
10_3.pas
program intl;
uses Crt,Dos;
var
i,j:longint;
r:Registers;
begin
clrscr; {
}
textcolor(7);
textbackground(1);
s
for i:=0 to
10 do
begin
for j:=0 to
79 do
write(j mod
10); writeln;
end;
textbackground(0);
{
}
r.AX:=0;
Intr($33,r);
gotoxy(l,2);
if r.AX=$FFFF
then write(' MS-DOS ');
write('
= ',r.);
r.AX:=l;
{
}
Intr($33,r);
r.AX:=3;
{
}
for j:=1 to 60
do begin
Intr($33,r);
gotoxy(l,4);
clreol;
write('x=',r.CX,
' y=',r.DX, ' =',r.BX);
for i:=0 to
10000000 do i:=i;
end;
gotoxy(1,6);
write(' . Enter');
readln;
end.
,
1990 .,
- MS-DOS.
. " " . . "
".
_
. 21
,
BIOS 010. .
10.2. Oxio ,
,
.
10.2.
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ask attr (&cs,
&cf, sin, sbl)
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set attr (cs,
cf , in, bl)
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box_abs (rowl,
coll, row2, col2, bord, shade)
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box rel (rowl,
coll, rows, cols, bord, shade)
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cl_rect (row,
col, rows, cols, color)
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s_box abs (rowl,
coll, row2, col2,ch)
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s_box rel (rowl,
coll, rows, cols, ch)
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s_out_
(row, col, nc, str) |
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s_
out_1 (row, col, nc, str) |
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s_out_
r (row, col, nc, str ) |
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ask_page
( ) |
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set_page
(n) |
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out_err
(str) init_txt ( ) |
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:
- PAGE
( 0);
- 1 _ATTR
;
- _COLR__S
;
- _COLOR_F
;
- __INTENS
(0) (1) ;
- _BLINK
(0 );
- _ROW_CUR
;
- _COL_CUR
.
:
- union REGS reg;
- #define reg.h.ah
- #define AL reg.h.al
- #define BH reg.h.bh
- #define BL reg.h.bl
- #define CH reg.h.ch
- #define CL reg.h.cl
- #define CX reg.x.ex
- #define DL reg.h.dl
- #define DH reg.h.dl
- #define INT10h int86
( 0x10 , ®, ®)
ask_attr
,
, 3.5.5.
int ask_attrtint
*cs,int *cf,int *in,int *bl)
// cs -
, 0 7
// cf -
, 0 7
//in - ,
0 1
// b1 -
, 0 1
{
=8;
//
BH=_PAGE;
//
INT10h ;
//
_ATTR=AH;
//
__COLOR__S=_ATTR
& 0x07;
//
_COLOR_F=(_ATTR
& 0x70) >> 4;
//
_INTENS=(_ATTR
& 0x08) >> 3;
//
_BLINK=(_ATTR
& 0x80) >> 7;
//
*cs=_COLOR__S;
//
*cf=_COLOR_F;
//
*in= INTENS;
//
*b1=_BLINK;
//
return ( ATTR);
//
}
set_attr
void set_attr(int
cs,int cf,int in,int b1) {
//
if(cs>=0 &&
cs<8 && cf>=0 && cf<8 &&
in>=0 &&
in<2 && bl>=0 && bl<2) {
_COLOR__S=cs
;
_COLOR_F=cf;
_INTENS=in;
_BLINK=bl; //
_ATTR=_BLINK
<< 7 | _COLOR_F << 4 | _INTENS << 3 | _COLOR__S;
}
else err_out("
set_attr"); }
move_cur
(_ROW_CUR, _COL_CUR),
set_cur .
,
.
void move_cur(int
n)
{
int pos;
pos=_ROW_CUR*
80+_COL_CUR+n;
_ROW_CUR=pos/80;
_COL_CUR=pos-_ROW_CUR*8
0;
if(_ROW_CUR
> 24)
{
_ROW_CUR=0;
_COL_CUR=0;
}
set_cur(_ROW_CUR+1,_COL_CUR+1)
;
}
box_abs
, / ""
. lu, id, ru rd , ,
(lu), (id),
(ru) (rd) . horiz vert
, .
bord
rpth rptv .
,
(shade=-1)
(shade=1) .
, set_attr.
void box_abs(int
row1,int coll,int row2,int col2, int bord,int shade)
// rowl,coll
- ,
// row2,co12
-
// bord -
, 0 4
// shade = -1(
), 0(), 1( )
{
char lu[5]={
0x20,0xDA,09,0xD6,0xD5 };
char ld[5]={
0x20,0xC0,0xC8,0xD3,0xD4 };
char ru[5]={
0x20,0xBF,0xBB,0xB7,0xB8 };
char rd[5]={
0x20,0xD9,0xBC,0xBD,0xBE };
char horiz[5]=(
0x20,0xC4,0xCD,0xC4,0xCD };
char vert[5]
={ 0x20,0,0,0,0 };
int rpth,rptv,attr;
rptv=co12-coll-l;
//
if(rptv <=
0) rptv=l;
rpth=row2-rowl;
//
if{rpth <=
0) rpth=l;
//
if(shade ==
1 && coll+rptv >= 79) goto ml;
if(shade ==-1
&& coll==l) goto ml;
if(shade !=
0 && rowl+rpth >= 25) goto ml;
if(rowl+rpth
> 25 || coll+rptv+1 > 80) goto ml;
xy_s_out(rowl,coll,lu[bord]);
//
s_out_h(horiz[bord],rptv);
//
s_out_h(ru[bord],1);
//
set_cur(rowl+1,coll);
//
s_out_v(vert[bord],rpth);
//
set_cur(rowl+1,co!2);
//
s_out_v(vert[bord],rpth);
//
//
sbox_rel(rowl+1,coll+1,rpth,rptv,
32) ;
xy__s_out(row2,coll,Idfbord]);
//
s_out_h(horiz[bord],rptv);
//
s_out_h(rd[bord],1);
//
if(shade ==
0) goto m;
//,
attr=_ATTR;
//
set_attr(7,0,0,0);
//
,
if(shade ==
-1)
//
{
set_cur(rowl+1,coll-1);
//
s_out_v{219,rpth+1);
//
s_out_h(219,rptv+1);
// , }
else //
{
set_cur(rowl+1,col2+l);
//
s_out_v(219,rpth+1);
//
set_cur(row2+l,coll+1);
//
s_out_h(219,rptv+1);
// }
_ATTR=attr;
//
m: set_cur (rowl+1,
coll+1) ; //
return;
ml:err_out("
box... "); }
b_r1
(rows) (cols).
.
void box__rel(int
rowl,int coll,int rows,int cols,int bord,int shade)
// rows,cols
-
{
box_abs(rowl,coll,rowl+rows-1,col1+cols-l,bord,shade);
}
cl_rect
void cl_rect(int
row,int col,int rows,int cols,int color)
// row, col
- ,
// rows, cols
- ,
// color -
, 0 7
//( RED=4 GREEN=2
BLUE=1 )
{
AL=rows+l; //
=006; //
CH=row-l; //
CL=col-l; //
DH=row+rows-2;
//
DL=col+cols2;
//
=1*1;
//
INT10h;
set_cur(row,col);
// }
s_out
void s_out(char
s) {
=9; //
AL=s; //
= PAGE; //
BL=_ATTR; //
=1; //
INT10h;
move_cur(1);
// 1 }
s_out_h
.
.
void s_out_h(char
s,int rpt)
// s -
// rpt -
{
=9; //
AL=s ;
BH=_PAGE ;
BL=_ATTR;
CX=rpt;
INT10h;
move_cur(rpt);
}
s_out_v
.
.
void s_out_v(char
s,int rpt)
//s-
// rpt -
{
int row,col,i;
row=_ROW_CUR;
col=_COL_CUR;
BH=_PAGE;
DL=col;
BL=_ATTR;
CX=1;
for(i=row; i<row+rpt;
i++)
{
AH=2; //
DH=i; //
INT10h;
=9; //
AL=s; //
INT10h;
if(i==25) break;
}
set_cur(i,col+1);
// }
sbox_abs
,
s_out_h
.
.
void sbox_abs(int
rowl,int coll,int row2,int col2,char s)
// s - -
// rowl,coll
-
// row2,col2.
-
s_out_c
.
, ,
.
.
void st_out__c(int
row,int col,int nc,char *string)
// row,col -
,
//nc -
,
// string -
(
int ls,i;
ls=strlen(string);
i=(nc-ls)/2;
if(Is <=
nc)
st_out_l(row,col+i,nc,string)
;
else
st_out_l(row,col,nc,&string[i]);
}
s_out_l
,
, .
.
void st_out_l{int
row,int col,int nc,char *string)
// row,col -
,
// nc -
,
// string -
{
char s; int
i ;
for(i=0; i<nc
&& string[i] != 0x00; i++)
{
s=string[i];
xy_s_out(row,col+i, s);
}
}
s_out_r
, ,
,
st_out_1.
,
.
void st_out_r(int
row,int col,int nc, char *string)
// row,col -
,
//nc -
,
// string -
{
int ls,i;
ls=strlen(string);
i=nc-ls;
if(Is <=
nc)
st_out_l(row,col+i,Is,string);
else
st_out_l(row,col,nc,
&string[i] ) ; }
ask__page
_PAGE.
int ask_page(void)
{
return (_PAGE);
}
set_page
_PAGE,
BIOS 5.
void set_page(int
p) // - , 0 7 {
if(p>=0 &&
<8)
{
_PAGE=p;
AH=5;
AL=p;
INT10h; } else
err_out(" set_page");
}
err_out
.
.
void err_out
(char *string) {
set_attr(7,4,1,1);
st_out_l(25,1,80,string);
getch(); }
init_txt text_box
void init_txt
(void)
/*********************************************/
/*
: */
/*
-25x80 */
/*
- 8 14 */
/*********************************************/
{
extern union
REGS reg;
AH=0;
AL=2 ;
INT10h; /*
*/
set_page(0);
/* 0- */
set_cur(1,1);
/* - */
set_attr(7,0,0,0);/*
*/
=9;
AL=32; /*
*/
BL=7; /*
*/
=0; /* 0-
*/
=2000;
INT10h ; /*
*/
}
tst_text text_box
,
:
#include "text.h"
void main()
{
init_txt();
set_attr(4,2,1,0);
// ,
box_abs(2,2,10,30,4,1);
//
getch();
move_cur(2);
//
getch();
s_out('');
//
getch();
s_out_h('',3);
//
getch();
s_out_v('',4);
//
getch();
cl_rect(3,3,7,27,4)
; //
getch();
set_attr(7,1,0,1);
box_rel(13,
40,8,28,4,-1);//
getch();
set_attr(7,1,0,0);
sbox_rel(14,41,6,26,'
7 ') ;
getch();
st_out_l(13,5,16,"1234567890123456");
//
st_out_l(14,5,16,"
"); //
getch();
st_out_l(14,5,16,"");
//
getch();
st_out_l(15,5,16,"
"); //
getch();
st__out_c (15,
5,16, "") ; // getch();
st_out 1(16,5,16,"
"}; //
getch ();
st_out_r(16,5,16,"");
//
getch () ; }
text.h:
#include <conio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <string.h>
union REGS reg;
#define AH reg.h.ah
#define AL reg.h.al
#define BH reg.h.bh
#define BL reg.h.bl
#define CH reg.h.ch
#define CL reg.h.cl
#define CX reg.x.ex
#define DL reg.h.dl
#define DH reg.h.dh
#define INTlOh
int86(0x10,®,Sreg)
unsigned char
_PAGE,_ATTR,_COLOR_S,_COLOR_F,_INTENS,_BLINK;
unsigned ctear
_ROW_CUR,_COL_CUR;
int ask__attr
(int *cs,int *cf, int *in,int *bl) ;
void ask_cur
(int *r, int *c) ;
int ask_page
(void);
void box_abs(int
rowl,int coll,int row2,int col2, int bord,int shade);
void box_rel(int
rowl,int coll,int rows,int cols, int bord,int shade);
void cl_rect(int
rowl,int coll, int rows, int cols, int color) ;
void err_out(char
*string);
void init txt
(void);
void move_cur
(int n) ;
void s_out (char
s);
void s_out_h
(char s,int rpt) ;
void s_out_v
(char s,int rpt);
void sbox_abs
(int row1,int coll,int row2,int col2,char s) ;
void sbox rel
(int rowl,int coll,int rows,int cols,char s) ;
void set_attr
(int cs,int cf,int in,int b1);
void set_cur
(int r,int c);
void set_page
(int p);
void st_out_c
(int row,int col,int nc, char *string);
void st_out_l
(int row,int col,int nc, char *string);
void st__out_r
(int row, int col, int nc, char *string);
void xy_s_out
(int row,int col,char s);
,
tlib.exe
. .
, , Activity diagram - - , . . :
- ();
- ().
| | 10.11.2021 - 12:37: - Personalias -> WHO IS WHO - - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:36: - Conscience -> . ? - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:36: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> ... - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:35: - Ecology -> - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:34: , - War, Politics and Science -> - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:34: , - War, Politics and Science -> . - _.
10.11.2021 - 12:34: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> , - _.
10.11.2021 - 09:18: - New Technologies -> , 5G- - _.
10.11.2021 - 09:18: - Ecology -> - _.
10.11.2021 - 09:16: - Ecology -> - _.
10.11.2021 - 09:15: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> - _.
10.11.2021 - 09:13: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> - _.
|
