. - 3GL   - 4GL   5GL  

3GL

, , , 3000 .

, . . , 01 0100 0101 0102 ADD 0100,0101,0102. , . ? , z = + , ADD X,Y,Z. /, - . , , .

, , , . , , , . , . "" (, ) "" ().

, , (FORTRAN FORmula TRANslation, " ") (ALGOL ALGOrthmic Language, " "). IBM 1954 . . ( ), IBM/360, IBM/370. , Fortran-II, Fortran-IV, Fortran-77 Fortran-90.

-60 , , , . 1958 ., 1960 . . -1 ( . . ), -2 ( ), ( ). -68 , . . .

, . , , , . , ( ), . , - .

. , , , . 33 , , . , .

, 1 1964 . () , (J. G. Kemeny) (. . Kurtz). BASIC Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, " () ".

. , . . , , . 23 . .

, , , . , .

, , . , .

, . - , . -, , , , .

, , . , , , , :

?2*2

, , , 20 :

begin

(writeln 2 *2);

end.

:

#include <stdio.h>

main()

{ printf ("%d",2*2); }

, 1969 . -20 .

- 8- Intel-8080 Z-80, 70- BASIC-80. , Microsoft.

16- IBM- Borland International Microsoft Corp. Turbo BASIC, . , " ", . GW-BASIC Quick BASIC, . - Borland, Turbo BASIC , . Power Basic ( ).

Microsoft 80- (Professional Development System) BASIC PDS-6 PDS-7.

25 True Basic ( ), - , , .

, 1991 . Visual Basic Microsoft. VB-6.0. 3.0 Visual Basic , . , Microsoft 1993 . YBA (Visual Basic for Application -- MS Office) VBScript ( Web-).

1968 . - . 1970 . , . , 19- .

, -60, , , . . , , () , , , , .

/ . . 1982 ., ISO. . , , .

, . . . 1984 ., Turbo Pascal IBM- 49 95 ( , - 500 ). 3000 Borland International. Turbo Pascal , . (7.0, 1992 .) Turbo Pascal, MS-DOS, Borland Pascal, Windows. , 1995 . . , Borland Object Pascal Delphi . Delphi 5.O.

1972 . Bell Laboratories ( AT&T) , Unix. , , , (). , , . . , , , , . . , Unix.

, . . , CPL, BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language ) . 70- - . Bell Laboratories Unix. . - (, ) , ( , ), , MACRO-11 ( , , ).

, , PDP-11/20 ( - -4). 1973 . . . Unix. 13 000 PDP-7, Unix, 800 PDP-11. Unix , , . . 1976 . . . Unix DEC (Interdata 8/32), , . Unix .

1978 . , , (. , . , . . " . ". .: , 1985). , , K&R.

1987 . ANSI . Bell Labs. , , , . 1983 . C++.

, - , , . . Bell Labs , . . Lint, , , .

, - Borland. Turbo , MS-DOS, 1987 . Borland 5.0, Windows. Borland ( Inprise Corp.) Borland C++ Builder.

IBM- -Microsoft , Lattice , Zortech , Symantec . Borland , Visual C++, Microsoft. , , .

. . , , .

, , , . . , . . , , , . , , Microsoft Office.

, . , Delphi , Windows 95/98/NT.

, . , , . , Borland C++ Builder Microsoft Visual C++ .

, , QBasic, Turbo 2.0 Borland C++ 3.1 Turbo Pascal 7.0. IBM- 1 , 1 25 . , QBasic MS-DOS qbasic.ee qbasic.hlp.

      . - 3GL   - 4GL   5GL  

, - , . , .. . , . , .




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